Weng Yunyi, deputy director of the National Plastic Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Beijing) I. Background Introduction With the acceleration of people’s pace of life and the improvement of health and hygiene requirements, the use of disposable tableware is more and more widely used. The annual usage in China is more than 10 billion. . Disposable tableware has become one of the causes of “white pollution†due to consumers' arbitrarily discarded, unreliable collection and management, and the product itself. In order to protect the environment and control "white pollution", in 1999 the State Economic and Trade Commission ordered the elimination of disposable foam plastic tableware. After the disposable foamed plastic tableware was forbidden to be produced and used, it left a huge market for disposable biodegradable tableware. In this situation, some manufacturing companies lost no time and launched one after another. The production of disposable biodegradable tableware was achieved. The rapid development, according to GB18006.1-1999, the quality of various types of tableware is not the same, some products are of good quality, but there are some products with poor performance, health performance.
Second, product categories In accordance with the provisions of GB18006.1, disposable degradable tableware can be divided into cardboard coating type, pulp molding type, plant fiber molding type, edible powder molding type, light - biodegradable type, other types .
III. Activities related to testing and standards So far, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China has issued GB18006.1-1999 "General technical requirements for disposable degradable tableware", and the State Environmental Protection Administration issued HBC1-2001 "Environmental product technology. Requirements --- disposable tableware. Among them, GB18006.1-1999 is a mandatory quality requirement for disposable degradable tableware, and HBC1-2001 is the technical requirement for the certification of disposable tableware environmental labeling products.
In addition, in order to make the test methods involved in the product standard-setting process more scientific and accurate, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China has also approved the preparation of national standards for biodegradable test methods for environmentally friendly materials, and is composed of scientific research institutions, manufacturing companies, universities, etc. Several units together formed the Biodegradable Materials Testing Standards Working Group (BMSG), which specializes in the detection of degradative materials, standards, and other information.
IV. Testing At present, there are more than 200 varieties of biodegradable materials, including membranes, bags, and tableware, which have been inspected by the National Center for Quality Supervision and Inspection of Plastic Products. There are about 70 companies involved in production and related units. These include the There are 28 light-biodegradable production enterprises (mainly based on PP+ degradable masterbatch enterprises) and 10 plant fiber molding production enterprises. There were 5 powdered plastic moulding production enterprises, 18 pulp moulding production enterprises and 6 paperboard coating production enterprises. The qualified sample testing conditions varied with samples and production enterprises.
V. Problems Reflected in the Test (1) Pulp Molding Disposable Tableware Pulp Molded Tableware has a good appearance, and the samples for inspection can be seen in various shapes, but in accordance with GB18006.1-1999, HBC1-2001 health physical and chemical indicators It is not easy to pass, and the mold leaching test and the fiber toxin enzyme etch test in the degradation performance are easy to pass, but some compost tests are not easy to reach the target.
(2) Plant fiber disposable biodegradable tableware Plant fiber tableware has good strength and is smooth and smooth both inside and outside. The samples to be submitted to the inspection are mainly non-covered lunch boxes or trays, and the samples are mainly yellow. However, there are problems such as evaporation residues, pesticides, and aflatoxins exceeding the standard in the test. The mold eroding and compost degradation tests are affected by the addition of water-repellent agents, oil-repellent agents, and curing agents.
(3) Light-biodegradable disposable biodegradable tableware Light-biodegradable tableware is mainly made of polypropylene (PP) or polystyrene (PS) or other plastics plus photo-biodegradable masterbatch. At present, the main market is PP-based light-biodegradable type. Such products have the advantages of water resistance, oil resistance, strength, and sensory and cleanliness. However, some of the samples submitted to the inspection do not meet the standard requirements due to their soft pressure resistance properties. After the photodegradation test, cracking grades and weight are likely to occur. The rate of decline in molecular weight does not meet the requirements of the indicator.
(4) Cardboard coating disposable degradable tableware cardboard tableware appearance is beautiful, some samples printed on the surface of advertising or other patterns, the test is prone to evaporation residue, heat (oil, water) performance of unqualified phenomenon, degradation Cellulose etching tests are easier to pass in performance, and some samples cannot meet the standard requirements in compost and mold etching tests.
(5) Edible powder disposable degradable food and beverage utensils Edible powder tableware evaporation residue is easy to exceed the standard, mold erosion, fiber enzyme attack and compost degradation tests are easy to meet the standard requirements.
(6) Other materials Disposable tableware Other materials not listed in the GB18006.1 standard, such as calcium carbonate filled, starch filled, talcum powder filled disposable tableware, if the company conducts inspections in accordance with GB18006.1, it is necessary to Light-biodegradable or biodegradable cutlery specified in the standard is brought closer and a type of tableware that meets its own product is selected for testing. Such as starch-based biodegradable tableware, according to GB18006.1 test, you can choose to eat powder utensils as a test basis, and if calcium carbonate filled PP tableware can refer to light - biodegradable tableware for testing.
HBC1-2001 has more standard tableware classification than GB18006.1. It classifies disposable tableware into three categories, namely biodegradable products such as paper products, edible powder molding, plant fiber molding, and photo-biodegradable materials. Classes and easily recycled materials such as PP, calcium carbonate or talc filled polypropylene tableware, high impact polystyrene, etc.
Sixth, comprehensive analysis The National Standard GB1806.1-1999 “General Technical Conditions for Disposable Degradable Tablewareâ€, which is not strictly enforced by the national compulsory standards, was released on November 19, 1999 and implemented on January 1, 2000. For more than a year now, some companies still do not produce products according to this mandatory standard, resulting in some properties such as use performance, degradation performance, and hygienic performance that cannot meet the standard requirements.
2. The “speculative†mentality of enterprises is serious. The National Economic and Trade Commission issued the Order No. 6 and caused some companies to have a “speculative†mentality. Simply thinking that disposable foam plastic tableware is forbidden to produce and use, the market demand for degradable tableware will be very large. In addition, insufficient research on the market and product production technology, blindly put into production, leading to normal production after the establishment of the plant, or even stop production.
3. The production technology of some alternatives is still not used because pulp, vegetable fiber, edible powder molded disposable biodegradable tableware products were developed late, and the production technology of some products has not yet passed, but some manufacturers have to seize market share. Anxious to go public, resulting in product quality can not be guaranteed. To solve this problem, related production companies should strengthen product development and improve processing technology.
4. Companies pay insufficient attention to inspection work and their own management Some companies believe that their own product quality is relatively stable, and that inspections do not pay enough attention to it. Some companies have not yet performed full-quality inspections of products from production to the present. Some companies do not have inspection methods and do not send products to inspection agencies. They just rely on the chest to boast about their products.
5. Worthy of the "one side"
It is gratifying that most of the samples have heavy metal content (in pb) of <1 mg/L, which meets the requirements of the standard. Fluorescent substances such as paper, plant fiber and edible powder can also meet the requirements of the standard. Manufacturers have begun to pay attention to the quality problems of heavy metal content and fluorescent substances that can cause serious damage to the human body in the product, and have basically solved these problems in terms of technology.
Seven. Other issues that need to be reflected 1. Some problems reflected by the company's standards Some paper tableware companies believe that the standard requires excessively high technical indicators for the evaporation residues of paper, plant fibers and edible powders. In addition, some companies believe that the test temperature should be adjusted when the standard tests the temperature resistance of the tableware. Some companies also believe that the standards stipulate that the types of products are not complete enough, such as not including light-biodegradable foam plastic tableware, starch-based biodegradable, and inorganic-filled tableware (high recovery). However, most companies still think that the formulation of this standard will greatly promote the healthy development of disposable biodegradable tableware.
2. Suggestions (1) Strengthen the government's macroeconomic regulation and control and make full use of economic leverage Due to the shortcomings of various disposable biodegradable tableware products, which have insufficient performance and high prices, they cannot meet the needs of the market, but they are prohibited from being issued at one time. The sudden increase in the market demand for substitutes after foaming plastic tableware has enabled manufacturers to produce inexpensive and high-quality products for market competition and economic benefits. At this time, the government should strengthen its macro-control ability. Can it use economic levers, such as high taxation measures, to adjust the prices of various products, including disposable foam plastic tableware, so that their prices are basically at the same level and the market demand It depends mainly on the legal marketing means of the enterprise and the concept of consumers' use. The government can use the income derived from high taxation for the establishment and development of various types of product degradation technologies, recycling systems, etc., so as to make the disposable tableware industry Healthy and orderly development.
(2) Improving the quality of the company's own management and diligently practicing internal strength In order to better meet the needs of market competition, enterprises should improve the competitiveness of their products, strengthen product development, strictly control quality, and strengthen corporate management.
(3) Service work to effectively perform quality inspections for enterprises Due to the huge market for disposable tableware, it is bound to prompt many companies to put into production such products. In order to enable enterprises to make better decisions before investing, after production, To better control the quality of products and produce qualified products, the center will strengthen its links with companies and effectively perform inspection services for enterprises.
Second, product categories In accordance with the provisions of GB18006.1, disposable degradable tableware can be divided into cardboard coating type, pulp molding type, plant fiber molding type, edible powder molding type, light - biodegradable type, other types .
III. Activities related to testing and standards So far, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China has issued GB18006.1-1999 "General technical requirements for disposable degradable tableware", and the State Environmental Protection Administration issued HBC1-2001 "Environmental product technology. Requirements --- disposable tableware. Among them, GB18006.1-1999 is a mandatory quality requirement for disposable degradable tableware, and HBC1-2001 is the technical requirement for the certification of disposable tableware environmental labeling products.
In addition, in order to make the test methods involved in the product standard-setting process more scientific and accurate, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China has also approved the preparation of national standards for biodegradable test methods for environmentally friendly materials, and is composed of scientific research institutions, manufacturing companies, universities, etc. Several units together formed the Biodegradable Materials Testing Standards Working Group (BMSG), which specializes in the detection of degradative materials, standards, and other information.
IV. Testing At present, there are more than 200 varieties of biodegradable materials, including membranes, bags, and tableware, which have been inspected by the National Center for Quality Supervision and Inspection of Plastic Products. There are about 70 companies involved in production and related units. These include the There are 28 light-biodegradable production enterprises (mainly based on PP+ degradable masterbatch enterprises) and 10 plant fiber molding production enterprises. There were 5 powdered plastic moulding production enterprises, 18 pulp moulding production enterprises and 6 paperboard coating production enterprises. The qualified sample testing conditions varied with samples and production enterprises.
V. Problems Reflected in the Test (1) Pulp Molding Disposable Tableware Pulp Molded Tableware has a good appearance, and the samples for inspection can be seen in various shapes, but in accordance with GB18006.1-1999, HBC1-2001 health physical and chemical indicators It is not easy to pass, and the mold leaching test and the fiber toxin enzyme etch test in the degradation performance are easy to pass, but some compost tests are not easy to reach the target.
(2) Plant fiber disposable biodegradable tableware Plant fiber tableware has good strength and is smooth and smooth both inside and outside. The samples to be submitted to the inspection are mainly non-covered lunch boxes or trays, and the samples are mainly yellow. However, there are problems such as evaporation residues, pesticides, and aflatoxins exceeding the standard in the test. The mold eroding and compost degradation tests are affected by the addition of water-repellent agents, oil-repellent agents, and curing agents.
(3) Light-biodegradable disposable biodegradable tableware Light-biodegradable tableware is mainly made of polypropylene (PP) or polystyrene (PS) or other plastics plus photo-biodegradable masterbatch. At present, the main market is PP-based light-biodegradable type. Such products have the advantages of water resistance, oil resistance, strength, and sensory and cleanliness. However, some of the samples submitted to the inspection do not meet the standard requirements due to their soft pressure resistance properties. After the photodegradation test, cracking grades and weight are likely to occur. The rate of decline in molecular weight does not meet the requirements of the indicator.
(4) Cardboard coating disposable degradable tableware cardboard tableware appearance is beautiful, some samples printed on the surface of advertising or other patterns, the test is prone to evaporation residue, heat (oil, water) performance of unqualified phenomenon, degradation Cellulose etching tests are easier to pass in performance, and some samples cannot meet the standard requirements in compost and mold etching tests.
(5) Edible powder disposable degradable food and beverage utensils Edible powder tableware evaporation residue is easy to exceed the standard, mold erosion, fiber enzyme attack and compost degradation tests are easy to meet the standard requirements.
(6) Other materials Disposable tableware Other materials not listed in the GB18006.1 standard, such as calcium carbonate filled, starch filled, talcum powder filled disposable tableware, if the company conducts inspections in accordance with GB18006.1, it is necessary to Light-biodegradable or biodegradable cutlery specified in the standard is brought closer and a type of tableware that meets its own product is selected for testing. Such as starch-based biodegradable tableware, according to GB18006.1 test, you can choose to eat powder utensils as a test basis, and if calcium carbonate filled PP tableware can refer to light - biodegradable tableware for testing.
HBC1-2001 has more standard tableware classification than GB18006.1. It classifies disposable tableware into three categories, namely biodegradable products such as paper products, edible powder molding, plant fiber molding, and photo-biodegradable materials. Classes and easily recycled materials such as PP, calcium carbonate or talc filled polypropylene tableware, high impact polystyrene, etc.
Sixth, comprehensive analysis The National Standard GB1806.1-1999 “General Technical Conditions for Disposable Degradable Tablewareâ€, which is not strictly enforced by the national compulsory standards, was released on November 19, 1999 and implemented on January 1, 2000. For more than a year now, some companies still do not produce products according to this mandatory standard, resulting in some properties such as use performance, degradation performance, and hygienic performance that cannot meet the standard requirements.
2. The “speculative†mentality of enterprises is serious. The National Economic and Trade Commission issued the Order No. 6 and caused some companies to have a “speculative†mentality. Simply thinking that disposable foam plastic tableware is forbidden to produce and use, the market demand for degradable tableware will be very large. In addition, insufficient research on the market and product production technology, blindly put into production, leading to normal production after the establishment of the plant, or even stop production.
3. The production technology of some alternatives is still not used because pulp, vegetable fiber, edible powder molded disposable biodegradable tableware products were developed late, and the production technology of some products has not yet passed, but some manufacturers have to seize market share. Anxious to go public, resulting in product quality can not be guaranteed. To solve this problem, related production companies should strengthen product development and improve processing technology.
4. Companies pay insufficient attention to inspection work and their own management Some companies believe that their own product quality is relatively stable, and that inspections do not pay enough attention to it. Some companies have not yet performed full-quality inspections of products from production to the present. Some companies do not have inspection methods and do not send products to inspection agencies. They just rely on the chest to boast about their products.
5. Worthy of the "one side"
It is gratifying that most of the samples have heavy metal content (in pb) of <1 mg/L, which meets the requirements of the standard. Fluorescent substances such as paper, plant fiber and edible powder can also meet the requirements of the standard. Manufacturers have begun to pay attention to the quality problems of heavy metal content and fluorescent substances that can cause serious damage to the human body in the product, and have basically solved these problems in terms of technology.
Seven. Other issues that need to be reflected 1. Some problems reflected by the company's standards Some paper tableware companies believe that the standard requires excessively high technical indicators for the evaporation residues of paper, plant fibers and edible powders. In addition, some companies believe that the test temperature should be adjusted when the standard tests the temperature resistance of the tableware. Some companies also believe that the standards stipulate that the types of products are not complete enough, such as not including light-biodegradable foam plastic tableware, starch-based biodegradable, and inorganic-filled tableware (high recovery). However, most companies still think that the formulation of this standard will greatly promote the healthy development of disposable biodegradable tableware.
2. Suggestions (1) Strengthen the government's macroeconomic regulation and control and make full use of economic leverage Due to the shortcomings of various disposable biodegradable tableware products, which have insufficient performance and high prices, they cannot meet the needs of the market, but they are prohibited from being issued at one time. The sudden increase in the market demand for substitutes after foaming plastic tableware has enabled manufacturers to produce inexpensive and high-quality products for market competition and economic benefits. At this time, the government should strengthen its macro-control ability. Can it use economic levers, such as high taxation measures, to adjust the prices of various products, including disposable foam plastic tableware, so that their prices are basically at the same level and the market demand It depends mainly on the legal marketing means of the enterprise and the concept of consumers' use. The government can use the income derived from high taxation for the establishment and development of various types of product degradation technologies, recycling systems, etc., so as to make the disposable tableware industry Healthy and orderly development.
(2) Improving the quality of the company's own management and diligently practicing internal strength In order to better meet the needs of market competition, enterprises should improve the competitiveness of their products, strengthen product development, strictly control quality, and strengthen corporate management.
(3) Service work to effectively perform quality inspections for enterprises Due to the huge market for disposable tableware, it is bound to prompt many companies to put into production such products. In order to enable enterprises to make better decisions before investing, after production, To better control the quality of products and produce qualified products, the center will strengthen its links with companies and effectively perform inspection services for enterprises.
Olivetti Compatible Printer Ribbon
Printer Ribbon,Compatible Printer Ribbon,Ink Printer Ribbon
Copier Toners Toner Cartridge Co., Ltd. , http://www.nstonercartridge.com