The ancient calligraphy is dirty and washes it with water.
You are not mistaken. In the Henan Museum, the calligraphy and painting of materials such as rice paper are generally cleaned with water. In addition to "wet washing", calligraphy and painting can also be "clean-cleaned". At home, good dough can also come in handy. The staff spliced ​​and repaired the ancient paintings and fragments of the ancient paintings. After the restoration, the ancient paintings are dirty and can be bathed. If the clothes are dirty and can be rinsed, what should I do if I am dirty? With the washing machine of Henan Museum, this is not a problem!
Most of the celebrity paintings use rice paper. When they encounter water, they will turn into "mud". This can also be washed with water. You can see the "miracle" in the Henan Museum. Wash the painting artifact to the celebrity calligraphy and painting "bath". Can dry cleaning can also be "wet wash".
The staff of the Henan Museum demonstrated the specific process of washing the paintings to the Henan Business Daily reporter. The first is to open the washing machine and put the words and paintings to be washed in. Of course, before washing, you should wear a "protective clothing" for the calligraphy and painting: several layers of ultra-thin paper or thin mesh. The purpose is to fix the calligraphy and painting, and the second is to prevent it from becoming "mud" when it meets water. Subsequently, the staff took the sprinkler, poured the filtered tap water into the calligraphy, and washed it with a pen while pouring. "The action must be light, otherwise it is easy to damage the calligraphy and painting. The water pressure of the nozzle should be as small as possible." Li Yaohua, the paper museum of Henan Museum, said that this cleaning method can make water stains, stains and mud stains on general calligraphy. Wash off. "When you encounter stubborn stains, you will use drugs to cleanse." "This job is more like a beautician. To put it bluntly, it is to take a bath for the ancient calligraphy and painting." Li Yaohua said that the cost of washing the machine is very high. Ten thousand yuan.
Li Yaohua introduced that before cleaning, the paintings of rice paper or enamel papers that are easy to "run ink" or "run color" should be prevented by applying light glue and light glue.
Interestingly, in addition to "wet washing" with water, you can also "dry clean" calligraphy.
Li Yaohua introduced that for the relatively bad paper paintings and paintings, especially the scorpion works, only the dry cleaning method can be used. “We used the viscosity of the dough to dry-clean and absorb the calligraphy and painting.â€
Paper repair, repairing defective ancient calligraphy and painting technology is also very difficult. Fixing ancient calligraphy and painting is not just as simple as taking a bath. The restoration of calligraphy and painting, commonly known as “covering calligraphy and paintingâ€, is to repair the serious calligraphy works. There are more than 30 procedures for the restoration of traditional calligraphy and painting in Henan Museum: the production of professional paste, the dyeing of enamel, the decoration of calligraphy and painting, the flatness and inlay of "painting heart". To this end, in 2011, the Henan Museum also declared it a provincial-level intangible cultural heritage and identified heritage inheritors.
How to repair paper defects or calligraphy? Li Yaohua said that if it is a small piece, the defect is just not designed, you can use a similar material of the paper, dyed with traditional pigments and then made up. "There is a principle here, that is, 'Ning Shallow Be Deep': once the color is deep, it becomes a 'perfect disease', causing irreparable damage."
If it is a large piece of defective and deliberate place, in addition to the repair of the material, it is necessary to have a restorationist or painter with an artistic background to complete the painting. Because different painters use pens and paintings differently, it is difficult to be completely consistent with the original work. Generally, it is not recommended to complete the paintings, so that the defective parts can be coordinated with the surrounding colors.
Repair techniques, traditional skills are the core, and scientific instruments are the auxiliary. In addition to the use of a washing machine, the Henan Museum also introduced a "HD painting and restoration device". The device integrates the restoration of calligraphy and painting and the live broadcast of the wireless network. The repair process of the live video and calligraphy can be directly transmitted to the museum exhibition hall through the network. Technology equipment is getting bigger and bigger, so in the eyes of the repair workers, is it a machine that is powerful or is it better?
Some people think that these tall instruments and traditional skills are more like the relationship between Western medicine and Chinese medicine. Western medicine likes to use various instruments for diagnosis and treatment. Chinese medicine is more to cure diseases by looking at the questions. In Li Yaohua's view, the instrument is more helpful, and some core work has to be done by people who know traditional skills. "For example, painting is a very time-consuming activity. If you use traditional methods, one person can only wash one small painting in one morning; and using the machine, three can be washed out in one morning, which improves the work efficiency." Li Yaohua said. In addition, the use of the machine can also reduce the occurrence of occupational diseases such as cervical vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae diseases and mold infections, increase the scientific and technological content of cultural relics display, and let people know more about the protection of cultural relics.
In order to take care of the "old buddy", the "new buddy" has contributed a lot. The cultural relics preservation environment wireless monitoring system monitors the temperature and humidity of cultural relics throughout the day. Studies have shown that natural metamorphosis remains the main cause of damage to cultural relics. This damage is closely related to the environment in which the cultural relics and sites are located. To this end, the Henan Museum introduced this system to real-time monitoring and early warning of the temperature, humidity, organic volatiles, light, ultraviolet light, dust and other information in the exhibition hall and warehouse.
“If the humidity is high, the color of the collections with poor water resistance, such as paintings, will become dark and mildewed. If the temperature is too low, some wood and lacquer will be cracked.†The staff said that the system is more Do some anti-micro-gradual work, through moderate environmental control, not let the disease of the cultural relics develop too fast, in order to extend the life of cultural relics.
Fiber analyzer to determine paper composition
Paper scraps smaller than the nail cover can be identified under the machine to identify the paper, material, age and origin. After the above situation is well understood, if you need to repair the calligraphy and painting with the same paper, you can entrust the relevant paper mill to “copy†the paper.
Laser micro-Raman spectrometer
Analyze the fiber composition and structure of cultural relics, such as paper, ivory, textiles, wood, bronze, etc. The fiber composition, specific structure, pigment color matching, etc. of the cultural relics can be analyzed by small exfoliated samples or powders. In order to understand the preservation status and corrosion characteristics of several bronzes, the Henan Museum used laser Raman and polarized microscopy to observe and analyze the rust samples on bronze. The results show that two of the bronzes have chlorinated copper ore, which is a harmful "powdered rust". This provides an important reference for subsequent protection and repair work. X detection of similar X-ray machines in hospitals for cultural relics. This machine is similar to the hospital's X-ray machine, which can provide a perspective on the internal structure of the cultural relics and keep abreast of the health of the cultural relics. For example, a mural that has just been unearthed is stacked in a layer, and the X-inspection can detect the area of ​​the lamination and the internal shape of the laminated part.
In recent years, the Chongqing Cultural Relics Department conducted an X-inspection investigation on Chongqing Dazu Qianshou Guanyin. The results show that there are different degrees of weathering and fissures in the gold foil wrapped body of the thousand hand Guanyin stone carvings. This makes up for the lack of investigation into the traditional diseases of cultural relics.
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