A research team in Melbourne has discovered a genetic defect that can inhibit cell growth. This genetic defect can also force cells into a survival state that avoids death. This discovery reveals an important mechanism for controlling the rapid division of cells, which may lead to new diseases such as cancer. The emergence of treatment.
The discovery was made by associate professor Joan Heath, Dr. Yeliz Boglev, and colleagues from the Ludwig Cancer Research Institute. Dr Kate Hannan, Associate Professors Rick Pearson and Ross Hannon of the Peter MacCallum Cancer Research Center also participated in the study.
Associate Professor Joan Heath said that their research team discovered this result when they studied gene mutations that inhibit rapid cell growth during zebrafish embryo development.
"Zebrafish embryos provide us with a good laboratory research model because they are transparent, allowing us to observe and track the fast-growing organ development process in living animals through a microscope. Even, in zebrafish control tissue development The genes are the same as humans, and these genes are often used by cancer cells. "
"We found that mutations in the pwp2h gene cause the encoded protein to assemble incorrectly in the ribosome, inhibiting cell division." Heath said. "Interestingly, these cells that failed to assemble the protein on the ribosome did not die. On the contrary These cells have opened another survival mechanism called autophagy, which obtains nutrients by digesting their internal components. "
Ribosome is a molecular machine for protein synthesis in cells, which plays an important role in the growth and division of cells. At present, therapies whose main purpose is to inhibit ribosomal synthesis of proteins have become a research hotspot in order to inhibit the division of cancer cells.
"Our research has profound implications for the development of this type of cancer treatment." Heath said, "Our results show that when the protein synthesis function of the ribosome is inhibited, the cell will stop dividing, but it is out of our Unexpectedly, these cells initiate another survival mechanism. If an anti-cancer therapy inadvertently encourages cancer cells to gain a chance of survival through autophagy, this is undesirable. However, our findings in zebrafish research indicate If the protein synthesis function of the ribosome is inhibited, at the same time, autophagy will also be inhibited, and the cells will die quickly. The simultaneous use of ribosome inhibitors and autophagy inhibitors may become an effective anti-cancer therapy. "Heath Say.
Heath's research team is continuing this research to detect other genetic mutations that can affect cell growth and division in zebrafish. "We have identified a series of physiological processes that can accelerate cell division. The next step is to plan Test whether they can be a new target for anti-cancer therapies. "
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