Printer classification and principle training materials

The first part of the printer principle

One. Printer classification

As one of the most important output devices of various computers, printers have been greatly developed with the development of computer technology and increasingly perfect user requirements. Especially in recent years, great progress has been made in printer technology. A variety of new and practical printers have emerged at the historic moment, changing the situation in which pin printers have dominated the world. At present, in the field of printers, there are three mainstream products, needle printers, inkjet printers, and laser printers, each of which exerts its advantages to meet the different needs of users from all walks of life.

Reviewing the development history of printers, we can clearly see the development trend of printers: from impact type to non-impact type, from black and white to color, from single function to multi-function. Faced with many printer brands, the classification methods are also different. At present, there are two commonly used classification methods: one is classification according to principle, and the other is classification according to usage.

1. Classification by principle

According to the working principle of the printer, the printer is divided into two types of impact type and non-impact type.

2. Classification by use

With the rapid development of information technology in today's society, the application fields of various printers have developed in depth. From the grade, applicable objects, and specific uses of printers, general, commercial, special, home, portable, and network applications have been formed Products in the field.

Office and office printers

In this field of application, dot matrix printers have always occupied a dominant position. Because the dot matrix printer has medium resolution and printing speed, the consumables are cheap, and it also has the characteristics of high-speed skipping, multiple copy printing, wide format printing, and easy maintenance. It is still printing reports and invoices in office and transaction processing. The preferred model.

Commercial printer

Commercial printers refer to printers for commercial printing. Due to the high print quality required in this field, sometimes documents with both graphics and text are also processed. Therefore, high-resolution laser printers are generally used.

Special printer

Special printers generally refer to various micro printers, passbook printers, flat push receipt printers, bar code printers, thermal printers and other printers used for special systems.

Home printer

Household printers refer to printers that go into the home with a home computer. According to the characteristics of home printers, low-end color inkjet printers have gradually become mainstream products.

Portable printer

Portable printers are generally used in conjunction with notebook computers, with the characteristics of small size, light weight, battery-driven, easy to carry and so on.

Network printer

Network printers are used in network systems to provide printing services for most people. Therefore, this printer is required to have fast printing speed, automatic switching of emulation mode and network protocol, and easy management by network administrators.

2. Printer Principle

Different types of printers not only have different physical structures and application fields, but also have fundamental differences in printing principles. As for the printing technology, they are completely different. The following is a description of the working principles of dot matrix printers, inkjet printers, laser printers, and thermal conversion printers, which are the most widely used printers today.

Before describing how the printer works, first introduce how the printer prints Chinese characters. The printer usually has two printing methods, namely text mode and graphic mode. Western languages ​​are printed in text mode, and Chinese characters can be processed in two printing modes: text and graphics; for printers, there are two types with and without Chinese character libraries; for printers with Chinese character libraries, text can be used Print directly after receiving the Chinese character internal code sent by the computer. This kind of printer is usually called a Chinese character printer; printers without a Chinese character library are usually provided by the Chinese character operating system, but the printing speed is slow and the efficiency is low.

Dot matrix printer

The characteristics of the dot matrix printer are: simple structure, mature technology, good performance-price ratio, and low consumption cost. Although the needle printer has higher noise, lower resolution, and printing pins are easily damaged, in recent years, due to the development of technology, the printing speed of the needle printer has been greatly improved, the printing noise has been reduced, the printing quality has been improved, and the needle The development of portable printers towards specialization and specialization has made them irreplaceable in other application fields such as bank passbook printing, financial invoice printing, continuous printing of recorded scientific data, barcode printing, fast skip printing and multiple copy production. Features.

At present, there are mainly two types of needle printers, 9-pin and 24-pin. The 9-pin unmatched Chinese character library, its basic function is to print letters and numbers. If you want to use it to print simple Chinese characters composed of 16 × 16 dot matrix, you can only print it in graphic mode. You must print it twice. Print 8 dots in the upper half of a row of Chinese characters at a time, and print 8 dots in the lower half of the row of Chinese characters for the second time. Obviously, the speed of printing Chinese characters is very low; if you want to use it to print Chinese characters composed of 24 × 24 dot matrix, a complete line of Chinese characters needs at least 3 prints to complete, and the printing speed is slower.

According to the relevant standards, the definition of "Chinese character pin printer" is: the print head can print one or more printers that meet the requirements of the international Chinese character dot matrix in one horizontal print. At present, the popular 24-pin printers on the market can print Chinese characters composed of 24 × 24 dot matrix at a time.

The Western-style needle printer itself does not have a Chinese character library, which is set on the hard disk of the computer system. When processing Chinese character information, with the support of the Chinese character operating system (CCDOS), the dot matrix code in the Chinese character library of the hard disk is called according to the Chinese character input code, and the host computer sends the read dot matrix code to the printer in the form of dot image. For a Chinese character composed of a 24 × 24 dot matrix, the host should send the corresponding 72-byte dot matrix code to the printer. Obviously, not only the host is busy with Chinese character conversion, but also the dot matrix code is continuously transmitted between the host and the printer, which greatly reduces the efficiency of the system. For a printer equipped with a Chinese character library, when the computer performs Chinese character information processing, the host only needs to send the Chinese character code (two bytes) to be printed directly to the printer, and the Chinese character code becomes the corresponding dot matrix code. Completion is done internally by the printer. Compared with the two, the host processes a Chinese character, and the output of 72-byte dot matrix code is shortened to the output of two-byte GB code, which greatly improves the efficiency of the system. The internal hardware and software of the printer can also complete the functions of vertical printing of Chinese characters, horizontal enlargement, vertical enlargement, italic printing, outline printing, reverse white printing, and black printing. So that the Chinese character printer function and printing speed can be fully exerted.

1.1 Basic working principle of dot matrix printer

The dot printer uses mechanical and circuit driving principles to make the printing pin hit the ribbon and the printing medium, and then print out a dot matrix, and then the dot matrix forms characters or graphics to complete the printing task. When the printer is online, it receives the print control command, character printing or graphic printing command sent by the PC through the interface, and then processes it through the CPU of the printer, looking for the first column address of the image code corresponding to the character or graphic from the font (When printing in the forward direction) or the address in the last column (when printing in the reverse direction), find the codes one by one and send them to the print head drive circuit to stimulate the print head to print out the pin printer.

The basic printing steps of the dot matrix printer are: start the word car → check whether the print head enters the printing area → perform printing initialization → drive the print head to print one column according to the character or graphic encoding → generate column spacing → generate word spacing → after printing a line, start input The paper motor drives the printing roller and the printing paper to feed one line → line feed (if it is unidirectional printing, press Enter) to prepare for the next line of printing. This is how the dot matrix printer controls the print motor to complete the print job by the monitoring program.

From the point of view of structure and principle, the needle printer consists of two parts: "printing mechanism" and "control drive circuit". There are three kinds of mechanical movements during the printing process: horizontal movement of the print head, longitudinal movement of the printing paper, and impact of the printing needle. Needle movement. These movements are executed by software-controlled drive systems through some precision machinery.

The mechanical devices of the dot matrix printer include:

(1) Print head drive mechanism (character car mechanism)
The mechanism uses a stepping motor and a gear reduction device to drive the horizontal movement of the word car with a synchronous tooth profile;

(2) Print head The print head is the printing mechanism. It is a word-forming component, consisting of a number of printing pins and a corresponding number of electromagnets, where the electromagnet can drive the printing pins to complete the striking action;

(3) The ribbon drive mechanism is generally used in needle printers. When the print head moves left and right, the ribbon drive mechanism drives the ribbon to move to the left, which can change the ribbon hit position to ensure the ribbon Even wear and tear, extend the service life of the ribbon, and ensure that the color of the printed characters is consistent. The ribbon is usually made of ribbon nylon or film coated with black or blue ink.

(4) Paper transport mechanism The paper transport mechanism is a mechanism that drives the printing paper to move in the longitudinal direction to achieve line feed.
The paper feeding mechanism of the needle printer is generally divided into friction paper feeding and gear paper feeding. The former is suitable for printing paper without paper feed holes; the latter is suitable for printing paper with paper feed holes. After the print head completes one line of printing (regardless of the number of characters), the paper feed mechanism will immediately complete one or more paper feeds;

(5) The printing status sensing mechanism is different for needle printers. The status sensing mechanism is different. Generally, there are paper end sensing mechanism, original position sensing mechanism and timing sensing mechanism.
The frame of the pin printer is mainly composed of left and right wall panels, electrical assembly frame and base. The outer shell is integrally plastic-pressed, and adopts a fully enclosed form, which plays the role of dustproof and noise reduction.

Modern pin-type printers also widely use microprocessors, ROM and RAM memory in the control drive circuit. Among them, ROM is mainly used to store the management program, character library and Chinese character library of the needle printer. The capacity is generally more than 10KB when the Chinese character library is not added, and the capacity is larger after the Chinese character library is added. The RAM is mainly used as a buffer for the printer to receive the host information data. One part stores the character set from the ROM after the dot matrix printer is powered on and initialized, and the other part is used for dynamic parameter exchange during program execution. Different pin printers have different RAMs. The RAM for pin printers for Chinese characters is generally tens of KB, while the RAM for non-Chinese pin printers is generally only about 1 KB. Obviously, modern pin printers can not only complete the control printing tasks themselves, but also print Chinese characters independently.

1.2 The main classification of dot matrix printer

All types of needle printers are no different on the surface, but with the need for specialization and specialization, different types of needle printers have appeared, including "universal needle printers", "passbook needle printers", There are several types of "line-type dot matrix printers" and "high-speed dot matrix printers". The characteristics, performance and technology of these types of printers are highlighted below.

â‘´General purpose printer

China's "universal pin printer" is a very widely used Chinese character printing device in the early days. The number of print head needles is generally 24 pins, which are wide and narrow. The print head slides back and forth on a metal rod to complete horizontal line printing. The maximum printing width is 33cm, the printing speed is generally 50 Chinese characters / second (standard), the resolution is generally 180dpi, the ribbon printing is used, and the paper can be fed by friction and drag. It can print both single-page paper and printing. Consumables such as perforated and folded continuous paper, ribbons and printing media are inexpensive. Due to the electromagnetic impact, the print head generates severe heat during continuous printing for a long time, but the printing speed is not fast, and the impact is not significant; and because the general-purpose needle printer is generally a wide format printer, compatible with the DOS system, it is especially suitable for report processing. Many general offices and financial institutions.

The general-purpose needle printer is easy to use. If the ribbon and paper are of poor quality or improperly installed, the needle will break easily. When the printed characters are too light, it means that the coloring ability of the ribbon is reduced, and needle hanging and paper blocking are easy to occur. At this time, the ribbon must be replaced. In addition, the ribbons of general-purpose stylus printers are not uniform and cannot be substituted for each other. Universal pin printers have a manual adjustment lever to adjust the thickness of the paper. When the thickness of the printing paper changes, the thickness adjustment lever must be adjusted to adjust the printing depth and protect the printing needle.

⑵ Passbook printer

With the electronic development of various industries, the passbook pin printers used exclusively for the counter business of service departments such as banks, post and telecommunications, and insurance have been rapidly promoted and applied. The so-called passbook pin printers are also called bill pin printers, and other Compared with the general-purpose stylus printer, the passbook stylus printer has the following characteristics:

Flat-push paper feed: The flat-push paper feed path design reduces printing deviations caused by paper bending and paper jams, makes paper advance and retreat easy, and makes it possible to handle ultra-thick print media;

Self-adaptive paper thickness: The printing object of the passbook needle printer is a passbook and other bills, and the thickness of different passbook bills is different, so the passbook needle printer requires automatic adjustment of the printing gap and the impact strength according to the printing medium of different thickness to achieve Clear printing effect of any thickness;

Automatic correction technology: it can automatically adjust the printing medium, which greatly improves the printing accuracy and makes the operator's operation extremely convenient;

Paper positioning technology: In order to make the printing format neat and consistent, a photoelectric sensor is installed on the carriage of the paper car to automatically detect the left and right borders of the paper. Multiple photoelectric sensors are installed at the paper feeding mechanism to detect the top position of the paper, to ensure that the paper is absolutely flat with respect to the printing bottom plate. Through the printing positioning instructions in the printer control software, the printing position is completely accurate;

Magnetic stripe reading and writing function: Provide an optional built-in magnetic stripe reader, can read and write user name, card number, amount and other information on the passbook, and support ANSI, ISO, NCR, IBM, HITACHI and other magnetic stripe formats;

Recognition of printing status: It has the function of two-way communication with the host or terminal, which can reflect the current status of the printer and the errors that occur in a timely and accurate manner, and carry out corresponding processing. In addition, most passbook needle printers are also specially designed to automatically stop printing when the cover is opened, which can prevent printing errors caused by human interference and protect personal safety;

Other functions: Some high-end passbook pin printers also provide some optional functions, such as two operators sharing the printer, automatically identifying barcode pages, printing magnetic and other password text, providing confidentiality and decryption, bank-specific symbol printing, and using Fresh-Rom storage Technology to automatically download and upgrade software.

The technical indicators for evaluating passbook stylus printers are mainly whether the equipment has good advanced paper handling capabilities, media adaptability, ease of operation, business processing speed, command simulation capabilities, ease of maintenance and durability of consumables, and machine functions Scalability and so on. In particular, high-end passbook printers should have the functions of automatic paper deviation correction, automatic edge alignment, and adaptive thickness printing, which can not only ensure the high accuracy of the printing effect, but also make the operation extremely simple.

⑶Line type dot matrix printer
The line type dot matrix printer is a high-grade dot matrix printer, which can meet the requirements of high-speed batch printing business in banking, securities, telecommunications, taxation and other industries. Line-type dot matrix printers have a strong tendency to professional printing. There are specialized Western character printers and specialized Chinese character printers. Compared with general general-purpose stylus printers, the internal data processing capability of line-type stylus printers is extremely strong. Due to the complicated control of the print head and paper feed, the master and slave dual CPU processing methods are generally adopted, which can greatly improve the printing speed. It can also comprehensively control the printing process.

The structure of the print head of the line needle printer is complicated. In order to ensure that the line needle printer does not break the needle due to overheating during continuous high-speed printing, the internal cooling and cooling mechanism of the print head is very good. There are many printing pins in the line-type dot matrix printer, and the pin-out frequency is high. Therefore, many effective measures and advanced technologies have been adopted in the print head to reduce noise.

The key technology of the line-type needle printer is on the print head, and the pin-out frequency is up to 2000 Hz, which is more than twice that of the general-purpose needle printer. The number of printing pins is generally 72-pin, 91-pin, and 144-pin, and the most is 288-pin, which is more than ten times that of a 24-pin ordinary pin-type printer. The print head of the line-type needle printer adopts a modular structure (for example, the 144-pin print head is 12 modules, each module has 12 pins), and each module only needs to be responsible for horizontal printing of a short printing distance (generally about 1 inch) , Which is much smaller than the printer distance of ordinary needle printers (generally more than ten inches).

The pin arrangement of the printing pin module has a significant impact on the printing speed and performance of the line-type needle printer. In general, line-type needle printers are divided into straight-row needle mode, oblique-row needle mode and parallel longitudinal arrangement mode.

The straight arrangement means that the needles in the printing needle module are horizontally and horizontally arranged. When the needle module is moved horizontally to print, only the printing distance of one line of horizontal dots can be completed. The printing height is 1/180 inches or 1/144 inches. The line speed of the dot matrix printer can reach 1000 lines / minute, but the speed of Chinese characters is only more than 200 lines / minute. Therefore, the linear dot matrix printer is very suitable for the printout of Western characters.

The oblique arrangement means that the needles in the printing needle module are arranged diagonally. When the needle module moves horizontally to print, the module can print a few lines of horizontal dots with a few needles. For example, the KD6000C line printer module has 12 needles arranged diagonally The speed of this printer when printing Chinese characters can reach 1000 Chinese characters / minute, which is more suitable for Chinese character output.

Parallel longitudinal arrangement means that the pins in the printing pin module are arranged in parallel in two columns in a longitudinal direction. Each module generally has 24 pins. The speed is increased by adding multiple print heads. This is an early line printing technology. It has been basically eliminated.

Line-type dot matrix printers are high-end printers, whose printing pin life is over 1 billion cycles / needle, but their life is affected by the quality of the printing paper and ribbon.

â‘·High-speed needle printer

High-speed needle printer is a product between ordinary needle printer and line needle printer. Its main feature is that the printer is very fast. High-speed needle printers are expensive, but they have high print quality, high print speed, and can bear the heavy load of printing. They occupy an important position in the fields of finance, post and telecommunications, transportation, and enterprise units that exclusively process print data in batches.

The "patent" of the dot matrix printer is for functions such as copying and copying and continuous paper printing. The high-speed dot matrix printer also has the capability in this respect. At present, the copying capacity of high-speed needle printers is generally 1 + 4 ~ 1 + 5 layers, and the copying capacity of 1 + 8 layers is better.

2 Inkjet printer

2.1 Working principle of inkjet printer

Early inkjet printers and current large-format inkjet printers use continuous inkjet technology, while most of today's popular inkjet printers use random inkjet technology, the two are very different in principle.

2.1.1 Principle of continuous inkjet printing

Continuous inkjet technology is represented by the charge modulation type.

The inkjet printer of this technology uses a voltage driving device to apply a fixed pressure to the ink in the nozzle to continuously eject it. For recording, the vibration signal of the oscillator is used to excite the jet to generate ink droplets, and the size and spacing of the ink droplets are controlled. The typed information from the character generator and analog controller controls the control charge to form charged and uncharged The charged ink droplets are then changed by the deflection electrode to make the ink droplets that need to be typed "fly" onto the paper to form characters and graphics, and another part of the ink droplets are retrieved by the catheter.

2.1.2 Principle of random inkjet printing

In the random inkjet system, the ink is only ejected when it is needed for typing. Compared with the continuous type, the ink is simple in structure, low in cost, and high in reliability. However, the ink droplet ejection speed is affected by the inertia of the jet. Many printers use the multi-nozzle method. At present, random inkjet printers are divided into piezoelectric and bubble types.

Piezoelectric inkjet system is equipped with a transducer on the nozzle equipped with ink. The transducer is controlled by the typing signal, which deforms and squeezes the ink in the nozzle to control the ejection of ink.

The bubble-type bubble-type inkjet system, also known as the electrothermal type, is provided with a heating electrode on the wall of the nozzle, and the heating electrode is used as a transducer. A short pulse tube with a width of 6-8μs acts on the heating device, and steam is generated on the heater to form very small bubbles. The bubbles expand due to heat to form a large pressure, which presses the ink droplets out of the nozzle and how many ink droplets are sprayed on the paper. It can be controlled by changing the temperature of the heating element, so as to achieve the purpose of printing images. Then, due to the action of the capillary tube, the ink is drawn into the nozzle from the ink tank, fills the nozzle, and enters the next cycle.

2.2 The main classification of inkjet printers

Inkjet printer is a rising star in the printer family. It is an economical non-impact high-quality color printer. It is a color image output device with a relatively high cost performance. Inkjet printers have output quality close to that of laser printers, and have a wide range of applications. They can not only meet the demanding color printing requirements of professional design or publishing companies, but also be capable of simple and fast black and white text and form printing tasks. In the entire complicated printer market, it has certain market competition comprehensive advantages in product price, printing effect, color quality, volume, noise, etc. It is one of the important products in the current office printing, especially home printing market. .

The advantages of inkjet printers are mainly good printing quality, no noise, and color printing at a lower cost, while the disadvantages are slower printing speed, more expensive ink, larger consumption, and less printing volume. Therefore, it is mainly suitable for occasions where the printing volume of the home and small office is not large, and the printing speed is not high, and is suitable for the low-cost color printing environment. The inkjet printer's print head operation mode and paper operation mode are still line operation, which is equivalent to the needle printer. Due to the limitation of mechanical operation, the printing speed is far from the laser printer. In terms of print volume per unit ink cartridge, it is much less than laser printers due to the amount of ink and the size of the ink cartridge. Compared with the laser phototypesetting mechanism of laser printers, the inkjet mechanism of inkjet printers can't compare the printing quality and resolution. Due to the special mechanism of the inkjet printer, it can play a huge role in areas that are impossible or difficult for many other printing devices.

Inkjet printers can be divided into continuous and random types according to the inkjet method; they can be divided into solid ink and liquid ink according to the state of the ink.

According to actual applications, inkjet printers can be divided into ordinary color inkjet printers and wide format inkjet printers. Below we will introduce these two types of inkjet printers.

2.2.1 Ordinary color inkjet printer

Ordinary color inkjet printer is a color inkjet printer with printing width within A3 paper and printing speed lower than 20PMM, suitable for color output environment of home and small office.

Common inkjet printers have two types of inkjet printing, high-temperature and high-pressure, and normal-temperature and normal-pressure. The former is the bubble-type inkjet printing described above. The thermal printing technology it uses is applied early in the field of printers. The technology is mature and the cost of equipment is low. However, the print head and ink cartridge are an integrated structure, the consumables are expensive, and the nozzles are corroded due to high temperature and high pressure. The latter is the piezoelectric type described above, which is a piezoelectric type that places many tiny piezoelectric ceramics near the nozzle of the print head and uses piezoelectric ceramics to deform under voltage. When the printing information voltage is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic, the expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric ceramic will change with the change of the image information voltage, so that the ink in the ink head can effectively control the size of the ink droplet under the steady state of normal temperature and pressure And the method of reconciliation, evenly and accurately eject ink, so as to obtain high-precision and resolution image color printing.

Common inkjet printer technology

Graphic optimization technology:

This is a method of automatically optimizing the low-resolution image according to the picture when printing the low-resolution image, sharpening the rough edges of the picture, and then on the printer at the maximum resolution that the printer can provide. Output technology. This technology was pioneered by Canon and it can maximize print quality.

Common drawing optimization printing technology (P-POP technology):

This is an auxiliary liquid technology called "ink optimization liquid" invented by Canon. When printing, the optimization liquid is sprayed onto the paper, and then the nozzle of the printer ejects the ink. The ink and the optimization liquid combine to react, so that the ink sticks firmly to the surface of the paper without penetrating into the depth of the paper Use chemical methods to improve the surface of the paper and make the paper more suitable for the printing operating environment, thereby improving print quality. Print more detailed and beautiful images on ordinary paper. And whether it is black and white, color, or photos are waterproof, suitable for important files and pictures that need to be saved. The technology was also pioneered by Canon.

Ink drop adjustment technology:

It is a technology that can eject ink dots of different sizes on a printing line, so that the printer can reduce the overlap of the ink that constitutes the pattern during printing, thereby improving the clarity under certain resolution conditions. This technology is aimed at the need of inkjet printers to compose accurate and exquisite patterned text. The ink head can eject tens of thousands of ink dots on a small area of ​​paper to avoid the situation where the details of tones are affected by the overlapping of extra ink dots.

Quadruple color technology:

It is part of Canon's "Photo Realism" technology, which refers to the creation of three new photo inks (Photo yellow, Photo magenta, and photo cyan) on the basis of the original four-color ink, thereby achieving seven-color printing To further enrich the color gradation of printed pictures or images. Canon recently invented the 25-tone color printing technology. This technology uses 7 color inks to print and combine up to 25-level tones, which can more clearly express the subtle changes in colors and perfectly reproduce the midtones of the image. This will print out higher-quality photos.

Dual ink cartridge (nozzle) technology:

The latest dual-cartridge design introduced by Canon, which is unique in the industry, can more easily output higher-quality pictures, greatly speed up printing, and increase the flexibility of the printer. The dual-cartridge design is generally only for a few types of tasks, such as color text printing, the highest quality photo-level printing, high-quality fast color printing, fast black printing, etc. At the same time, the dual-cartridge design can also use black or color ink cartridges alone, or can be used together. It can even be reused. Therefore, compared with the traditional single ink cartridge (single nozzle) equipment, this technology can avoid the trouble of repeatedly replacing the color and black ink cartridges, and improve the printing speed. When printing text, only black ink cartridges can be controlled by software to achieve better economic output.

Micro Piezo Printhead Technology:

It is a new technology that uses the characteristics of the discharge of the crystal when it is pressurized, and uses a mechanical action to "squeeze" or "push" the ink from the ink channel, so that it can eject ink uniformly and accurately at normal temperature and stable state. This technology was invented by Epson. It can stabilize the voltage and control the size of the ink drop to achieve a high resolution of 1440dpi, thereby improving the quality of the printed graphics. Compared with traditional thermal inkjet technology, piezoelectric inkjet technology has the following advantages: regular ink dot shape, no sputtering; ink dot size can be controlled; more inks with different chemical compositions can be selected; corrosion opportunities are reduced, nozzle life Improve; powder ink can also be used to prevent discoloration and fading caused by ultraviolet radiation.

Fine image halftone adjustment technology:

It is a printing technology invented by Epson, which can vividly and realistically convert the light spot composed of three primary colors on the screen into the four-color output effect on the printing, thereby improving the authenticity of the printed image. This technology requires the maturity of color conversion technology and the high accuracy of the color conversion system of the new generation three-dimensional quick calculation table.

Advanced ink:

In order to comprehensively improve the quality of printed images, Epson has also done a lot of research on raw materials, and advanced printing ink is one of them. The ink is a high-density, high-permeation, quick-drying ink that can quickly penetrate into the paper fibers within 10 microseconds. The ink dries quickly in 0.23 seconds before the ink diffuses, making the dots free of burrs.

Photo quality special paper:

It is also a product specially produced by Epson in order to comprehensively improve the quality of printed images. The paper has a transparent adhesive layer on the surface that can fix the ink to fix the ink of different colors. The reflection density and color tone performance of the ink on this paper will be better than that of the general glossy paper, making the printed image perfect. realm. The photo-grade high-quality special printing papers all correspond to a certain printing resolution. It is divided into two sides, the front side is the glue layer, snow white, and the reverse side is generally gray. Therefore, the user must correctly select the print resolution and the front of the paper according to the packaging instructions.

"Full Picture" technology (Photo Ret II):

The "Fully Picture" technology developed by HP uses a unique ink drop arrangement method, which is combined with a special ink, which can combine a dozen ink drops and 30 levels of colors on each print point, so that the printing color Richer (up to 1.67 million kinds), the transition is smoother.

The most remarkable feature of the "Fully Picture" technology is the ability to generate small droplets of 10 micro milliliters. These small droplets can make a profound change in the output effect and can print a larger color range. In addition, HP printers using the "Fully Picture" technology use a unique calculation method, which can reduce the amount of information sent to the printer by 50%, and greatly improve the printing speed under the condition of ensuring printing effect. The "Full Picture" technology has enabled color inkjet printing from a simple dpi resolution to the age of gradation resolution.

Second-generation intelligent color technology (Color Smart II):

The technology is composed of three parts: HP Smart Focus technology and sRGB color industry standard technology and enhanced MMX multimedia processing technology. After using the second-generation intelligent color technology, users can completely adjust the parameters of the printer without any hassle. Especially when printing comprehensive documents with images, texts, and charts, it is more convenient to use. As long as the user selects Color Smart II technology, he can directly press the print button. During the printing, the corresponding parameters of Color Smart II will be set in accordance with the best optimization method, and the color will be automatically adjusted for the user to obtain the best. Printout effect.

Excimer laser cutting print head technology: Because Lexmark uses excimer laser cutting print head technology, it can combine the inkjet hole and the pressurization chamber of the ink to the nozzle, breaking through the nozzle and the pressure The traditional technology of cabin splicing realizes a precision processing process with a nozzle diameter of only 1 micrometer, and its fineness is only equivalent to one-seventieth of a hair. The precise nozzle can effectively reduce the ink droplets ejected, making the printing effect more clear and delicate, and the highest printing accuracy of color and black and white has reached 1200 × 1200dpi.

2.2.2 Wide format inkjet printer

Wide format inkjet printers are also called large format inkjet printers or color inkjet plotters. Because the print head of the inkjet printer can reciprocate, it is easy to realize large-format printing and graphics drawing functions, and due to the comprehensive improvement of printing technology, the wide-format inkjet printer has greater advantages and application value in the field of drawing applications. Wide-format inkjet printers include black-and-white inkjet printers and color inkjet printers. Compared with traditional plotters, wide-format inkjet printers can not only output clear graphics, but also print colorful images, and have a high Resolution and printing speed, with the ability to adapt to a variety of printing media, suitable for graphics drawing needs of modern professional CAD and other graphics applications.

â‘´Main features of wide format inkjet printer

The most significant feature of wide format inkjet printers is the "large" color output format. Generally, the printing width is between 137cm, 110cm, 91cm and 61cm. The maximum printing format width can reach more than 1.5 meters, which is completely comparable to the color printing system. And can be any length of roll paper printout (the roll paper length can generally reach more than 40 meters). In other words, wide format printing and roll paper printing are unique features of wide format inkjet printers. The resolution adjustment function of wide-format inkjet printers is relatively strong, generally ranging from 300dpi to 1440dpi, the standard resolution is 600 × 600dpi, and the number of printed colors can reach more than 160,000, which can guarantee the output of maps and engineering drawings. The coloring standards for lines and images are close to the quality of photos.

Wide format inkjet printers can be used not only as special plotters, but also in the professional market, professional CAD / CAM engineering, construction and GIS markets. Compared with ordinary color inkjet, wide-format inkjet printer is a large-scale printing device with high printing cost and high usage and maintenance cost. In recent years, due to the use of a large number of high-tech, the wide-format inkjet printer not only has high print output and fast printing speed, but also has good printing effect, high reliability, strong compatibility, convenient operation, stable performance, and can also output photo quality. Color images, without the need for special staff on duty, to ensure the minimum downtime, the price per unit of printing area has also been reduced a lot.

⑵Main technology of wide format inkjet printer

宽幅喷墨打印机吸收了普通彩喷的众多先进技术，且根据自身的宽幅输出特点，在喷头和墨盒上采用了许多新技术和新工艺，使宽幅喷墨打印机的打印质量和输出速度得到了较大提高。

超微压电喷墨打印头技术：

超微压电喷墨打印头技术是微压电技术在宽幅喷墨打印机上的新应用，它利用了晶体加电时具有稳定频率振动的特性，通过改变电压大小，调节晶体振动的频率来精确控制墨滴的大小和喷射的速度。通过这一技术喷出墨滴的大小只有通常的1/3，同时使墨滴微粒形状更规范、定位更准确，分辨率得到较大提高。该技术实现了高品质打印与高速度打印并存的特点，与传统热喷墨技术相比，不仅具有墨点规则、没有溅射、墨滴大小可以控制等优点，同时还能降低墨水消耗量、降低打印成本，是宽幅喷墨打印机的重要技术之一。

热喷墨打印头技术：

热喷墨打印头技术是20世纪的伟大发明之一，也是宽幅彩色喷墨打印机所采用的主要打印技术。热喷墨打印头使用了一种很小的电阻来迅速加热墨水，将喷头管道中的部分液体气化后形成一个气泡，并将喷嘴处的墨水压出喷嘴，输出到介质表面，形成图案或字符。由于热喷墨技术产生于80年代，技术十分成熟，成本较低，从一定程度上降低了宽幅喷墨打印机的整体成本，所以在宽幅喷墨打印机领域中应用广泛。但因喷头中的电极易受墨水电解和腐蚀，使用寿命受影响。所以，采用这种技术的打印喷头通常都与墨盒做在一起，使之在更换墨盒时即可更换整个打印头，这样用户就不必考虑喷嘴堵塞的问题了。采用热喷墨打印技术的产品比较多，主要有Canon和HP的产品，目前热喷墨打印技术在墨滴控制方面比压电喷墨技术要差一点，所以多数产品的打印头分辨率不如压电技术产品。

CCS（Continuous Charging system）技术：

CCS 技术是宽幅喷墨打印机的新型标准技术之一。一般宽幅喷墨打印机的打印过程分为两个部分，即墨水从墨盒中吸取的吸取过程和墨水在打印头中的打印过程，这两个过程并非同步进行，而是先吸墨后打印，再吸墨再打印，从而出现吸墨与打印之间的间断过程，既影响了打印输出速度，又会引起彩色输出中的间断打印痕迹。 CCS技术彻底克服了这一缺点，墨水可以源源不断地从墨盒中输送到打印头，打印头也不间断地将打印画面“一气哈成”，做到即使在打印过程中也能不间断吸墨。由于CCS技术可使得吸取和打印两个过程同时进行，不仅提供了更快的打印速度，还能获得图像边缘更为平滑的好处。

JetExpress打印技术：

这是一项打印头新技术，是一种采用了更宽打印头，增加了更多喷嘴数量，用以提高宽幅喷墨打印机打印速度和打印品质的一项新技术。JetExpress技术可以实现打印速度和打印质量的两者统一。采用JetExpress技术的宽幅喷墨打印机一般有四个打印头，每个打印头有524个喷嘴，打印喷嘴每次喷射行程覆盖度为0.85英寸左右。另外，由JetExpress技术组成的模块化墨水系统是由多个打印头和独立的离轴墨盒构成，这样可使得打印机能够每秒钟喷射出的墨滴数量高达数百万之多，极大地提高了打印速度。

在JetExpress打印头中还增加一项所谓智能化组件，该组件是指在打印头中嵌入了微小读/写存储设备或智能芯片和模块化墨水，这些芯片可用于自动保存其打印特性数据和历史数据。其工作过程是通过智能化芯片将这些信息发送到打印机，打印机根据收到的数据能自动调整打印工作状态，使其打印性能达到最佳状态。有了智能芯片，用户还能准确了解哪一个打印头需要更换。所谓模块化墨水系统是指系统采用了4个可更换的、可组合的、独立的单种彩色HP NO.80墨盒，在该墨盒中也放置了一个智能芯片，该芯片可将墨盒与打印机系统的其余部分集成在一起，并对打印机的重要使用数据和生产信息进行跟踪，其中最重要的就是墨盒的墨水剩余量，以方便用户能及时进行补充。

CrystalJet打印技术：

CrystalJet 打印技术也是专为解决打印质量、打印速度、打印分辨率和用户费用等其它与喷墨技术相关的诸多问题而设计的一种新的打印技术。它也是超微压电喷墨技术之一，但优于其它压电技术，它是一种多技术混合形式，它结合了连续喷墨打印和随机喷墨打印的特点。由于在CrystalJet打印头中的有源电极不会直接接触墨水，因此喷墨道电极不会被腐蚀。又由于墨水不会受到“被烧沸”的热冲击，所以其打印头能够使用包括基于染料和颜料的墨水、水基墨水、有毒和无毒溶基墨水，或者可以使用能直接在纤维植物上打印的耐用墨水。CrystalJet打印头可以发射出形状完美的墨滴，而不会在介质上造成散雾现象，可以使用户自己选择墨滴的大小和数量，这意味着用户能够自由实现可变分辨率打印和渐变色调图像打印等功能。

CrystalJet打印技术：CrystalJet 打印技术是现代所有彩色喷墨打印机的新技术，因此也普遍被用于宽幅喷墨打印机中。其中CrystalJet打印技术可以解决与连续打印相关的速度问题，其打印头的发射速度比以往的打印头更快，因为不存在交叉墨道电干扰及墨水沉淀时间等问题，打印头的发射速率大大提高，其中在以小墨滴尺寸打印时发射速率可达到50KHz以上。由于CrystalJet打印技术利用垂直力和剪切力产生将墨滴喷射出喷嘴板所需的运动，因而可使机械效率得到提高，而且还可以使CrystalJet打印头实现更高的墨滴速率、准确的墨滴量控制及更为广泛的墨水粘度选择。

Stainless Steel Bbq Grill

Hello, grid charcoal roast *, in addition to baking, but also to prepare smoke-free special charcoal. In addition to the fire burning charcoal, in the barbecue process to continue to add charcoal to maintain the heat. Although this method can sometimes be "angry" and may even make people angry at other times, it is closer to nature and the food cooked by charcoal at high temperature will have a special fragrance. Charcoal grilling definitely tastes better than electric grilling, and it feels different. Electric grilling is just not that strong. However, there are many things to prepare for charcoal barbecue, and it is easy to get dirty. If you don't care about these, it is also very good to get a charcoal barbecue. If it is used at home, of course, the electric barbecue is convenient and clean. But if you want taste and fun, or charcoal is better.

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