Nano paper suitability research includes basis weight test, whiteness test, tear strength test, opacity test, smoothness test and ink absorption test. The basis weight, opacity and whiteness test are the basic tests of paper. If the basis weight, opacity and whiteness do not meet the specifications, no matter how beautiful the printing is, it may be returned; the tear strength test can know that the paper resists tearing by external forces The strength characteristics of the paper, the tear strength is not good, the paper is easy to break; the smoothness of the paper affects the appearance of the paper itself, and has a great relationship with the color performance of the printed matter; in addition, the ink absorption of the paper must be within the normal range, If the ink absorption is too high, the image details of the printed matter may be lost, and if the ink absorption is too low, the printed matter may not be easily dried.
From the above explanation, we can see the importance of the printability test. These tests can be applied not only to the research on the printability of common inks and papers, but also to nanocomposites for printing. At present, the Indian Research Center has accumulated rich test data for many years, and currently has sufficient ability to analyze and analyze the printability of nanocomposite materials.
The Indian Research Center's nanocomposite materials not only stop at the laboratory's printing suitability test research, it is expected to cooperate with the Indian Research Center's printing test samples and printed product management guides in the future (Figures 8 and 9). Suitability test by machine mode. At that time, the printing and copying capabilities of nano-ink and nano-paper will be verified one by one.
Printed product guide
Print test sample
The main function of the printing color test sample and the printing tube guide of the Printing and Research Center is to test the overall operation of the printing press, ink, and paper. From this test, we can know the actual printing full-plate density value, dot expansion, overlay printing ability, printing contrast, gray balance and color gamut. The full plate density value is the most basic index of the printing color quality control. When the printed product cannot reach the full plate density value under normal conditions, the color is not saturated. The expansion point expansion value can tell the variation of the percentage of printing dots. If the expansion value of the dots is abnormal, there may be problems in the overall printability and should be adjusted. The data of overprinting ability can know the situation of two-color or three-color overprinting, the value should be within a certain range, otherwise the expected color may not be printed. Printing contrast can help the printing staff to determine the best full-plate density value, so as to make the contrast of the printed matter reach the best state. The gray balance data can show the combination of the dot values ​​of the three colors (ie, cyan, magenta, and yellow) that are closest to the neutral color when printed on each other. Color gamut can let people understand the range of color performance of printing. In addition, the printed product management diagnostic system software developed by the Indian Research Center can also be used to help determine the printing situation; the system part of the display page is shown in Figures 10 to 14. For the testing of nano-printing materials, the use of printed test samples and printed product guides is a more in-depth research stage of printability.
Ink density analysis of full version of printing ink
Analysis of the growth of outlets
Overprint capability analysis
Grey balance analysis
Color gamut drawing
(Source of the above picture: Printing Industry Technology Research Center)
5. Future Outlook
In the past, the Indian Research Center often focused on color research. It can be said that the research and development of nanocomposites is a new attempt. The R & D alliance formed by combining with other related R & D units is a good start. We expect that in the future research and development process, technical seminars and alliance exchanges will be held regularly or irregularly, and people from industry, government, academia, and research circles will be invited to join in the grand event. Experts and scholars will make suggestions on nanotechnology issues and review And plan the future direction. In addition, the Indian Research Center will strengthen communication with the industry and complete in accordance with the objectives of each stage.
From a remote perspective, assisting the printing industry in applying nanotechnology products is the vision of the Printing and Research Center. If nanocomposite materials have many excellent characteristics, and if the printing industry does not know how to use them, it will be contrary to the original intention of developing nanoprinting materials. In the future, the research and development center will not only focus on the research on the printing suitability of nano-printing materials, but also introduce the nano technology to the industry, so that the industry can understand it, and can improve the technology and develop industrial competition. force.
Researchers should be optimistic about the output of future R & D. We believe that the research and development of nano-printing materials is not only beneficial to a small number of players, but is also likely to bring a chain effect and produce a clear market segmentation, while eliminating the vicious competition of traditional players for many years. At the same time, the special printing method with nanocomposites as the focus is more beneficial to the development of the printing industry. Therefore, the analysis of the future expected benefits of the development of nanotechnology on the printing industry can be roughly divided into four points (the application of the printing industry and nanotechnology, 2003):
1. Conducive to refined printing, upgrade the printing industry 2. Strengthen market segmentation, eliminate vicious competition in the printing industry 3. Develop more special printing 4. Help expand the export of the printing industry
Nanotechnology research and development is a difficult task; and whether nanoproducts can be put on the market and reach the application stage is another very practical focus. As a bridge between industry, government, learning and research, the Indian Research Center hopes to use its own meager power to upgrade the industry, help the industry get rid of the vicious competition, and bring new hope to the printing industry. The center wants to participate in the original intention of nanotechnology research and development.
6. Conclusion
2003 was the first year that the government started to promote the nano industry technology plan one after another. Its industry implementation target was locked in three major industries such as metal electromechanical, Minsheng chemical and electronic information; and the technical research and development characteristics of the Indian Research Center belong to the field of minsheng chemical . A variety of printing materials can be implemented through the printing and research center's nano plan to enhance the traditional printing industry and improve printing technology. The Printing and Research Center will assist and promote the research and development of nanocomposites for printing from the perspective of printing suitability from the perspective of printing expertise, so that nanotechnology can take root in the printing industry and related industries. For the domestic traditional printing industry, nanotechnology is an opportunity for industrial transformation and an important way to increase the added value of the traditional printing industry. The Indian Research Center sincerely hopes that future efforts will benefit the vast printing industry, not limited to narrow specific groups, and lay a new attitude for the future development of the printing industry with a lean attitude.
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Types of brushes
There are so many many brushes:washes/glazes, rounds, flats, filberts and liners and more. Choosing the right type for the technique is important. Let`s look at the different types.
Flat Brushes
Flats are brushes with a straight chisel edge and square shaped filaments. These can be known as shades if they`re in smaller sizes and washes/glazes if in bigger sizes. Large areas are painted with a wash/glaze brush whereas smaller flats are used for small areas of painting
Round brushes
Round brushes have a large diameter of the ferrule, more so than a liner, which can be used for applying thick to thin lines, filling in odd shaped areas, painting details and work great for lettering. Liners don`t hold as much paint as a round, however, they are super great for creating lines or curves. Script liners are similar to liners but the filaments are much longer and hold more paint. A round brush tapers to a pointed tip – several types of rounds are referred to rounds, liners or script liners. Angle brushes are filaments that have been cut on an angle – these are excellent to use in small or curved areas of the painting.
Filberts
Brushes with oval shaped filaments are known as filberts in smaller sizes and oval wash in larger sizes. Both shapes can be used for base coating, stroke work and more. There are filbert combs, filbert wash and more.
Mop Brushes
Then there are mop brushes–great for blending and smoothing out small areas. They`re also ideal for applying powdered pigments–just dust them lightly over hot or tacky wax.
Specialty Brushes
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