Related Links: Traveler Diarrhea How much do you know (on) What is traveler's diarrhea
Traveler diarrhea how to effectively prevent?
As the old saying goes, "The disease enters the mouth." Contaminated food and beverages are the main source of the disease, and prevention and control of the disease are mainly started. Below are four important aspects that have collected and collated some possible measures to avoid travelers' diarrhea.
(I) Safe Eating
â— The principle of safe eating is not to eat or drink. Bacteria can neither be seen nor tasted, even those contaminated foods may still be color, flavor and taste. Remember: Do not affect the entire journey because of the quickness of the tongue!
â— Eat freshly cooked and fully cooked food. Fully cooked can kill bacteria. All cooked meat, rice, vegetables, etc. are the safest. Eat immediately after cooking, bacteria can not reproduce. Eating foods that have been cooked but placed at room temperature is a common cause of food poisoning.
â— Do not eat raw food, cooking can kill bacteria. A salad with a very good appearance, where lettuce may be extremely unhygienic. In some areas, manure is used to grow vegetables. Salads containing contents washed with local water may have been contaminated. Do not eat any cold, raw and undercooked meat, as it may be contaminated by bacteria or parasites, it may also infect aphids that can survive in the intestine for ten years. Containing raw, uncooked egg foods, such as mayonnaise, spices, or certain desserts, can also be dangerous.
â— Peel the fruit skin personally, preferably thick skin fruit, and do not pollute the interior when peeling, for example, bananas.
◠Do not eat ice, unless it is made from treated water. Ice cubes in cocktails are often the cause of travellers’ diarrhea. Freezing can only save bacteria but not bacteria.
(b) Drinking Bottled or Canned Drinks
â— Drinking water must be boiled.
â—Beverages in cans or bottles are preferred. If you want to buy bottled beverages, you must find a reliable store, and you must check whether the outer packaging and bottle mouth are intact, whether the bottle cap has been opened and whether the surface has been contaminated by moisture. Some unscrupulous manufacturers may use old bottles to load local water as an original sale.
â— Milk must be canned and never drink unsterilized milk.
â— Wine mixed in drinks cannot kill bacteria in water and ice.
â— Do not drink bottled water directly on the bottle mouth, because the bottle mouth may be dirty, you can use a straw or a clean cup.
(c) Develop good hygiene habits
◠Wash hands and clean utensils frequently. 
â— Wash your hands with soap and water before eating. Tap water is safe. If there is no running water, wipe hands with disinfectant or wipe hands with diluted chloroxylenol
◠Check that the plate and tools are clean. If you can not clean, do not use wooden chopsticks. 
◠When you travel, clean water is the foundation of your health. Always use safe water: drink, brush your teeth, wash your wounds and wash your food. 
(d) Drug Prevention
Prior to the birth of oral travellers diarrhea vaccine, there was no effective drug for travellers diarrhea that could be prevented. Most professional advice does not recommend the use of antibiotics to prevent traveler’s diarrhea. Because of its harm more than benefits, it will kill the normal flora of the intestine caused by dysbacteriosis, but will easily lead to the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms.
In 2000, WHO (World Health Organization) formally recommended inoculation of oral rBS/WC vaccine for the prevention of traveler’s diarrhea. This type of vaccine is the only one currently clinically proven to provide effective protection against diarrhea caused by traveler’s diarrhea-toxigenic Escherichia coli and the most severe diarrhea that can be encountered on the road. The data shows that more than 50% of the cases of diarrhea in travelers to developing and less developed regions are caused by toxigenic E. coli.
To date, there are only two manufacturers in Sweden and China that are allowed to produce the vaccine. Sweden is a water agent and China is an oral capsule. In addition, foreign countries have recently reported the development of a new type of toxin-producing E. coli vaccine patch. If the progress is successful, it is expected that in the near future, travelers can use E. coli vaccine patches to prevent diarrhea.
Note: The oral rBS/WC vaccine (capsule) has been listed on the International Travel Health Care Centers under the control of the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau in the past two years. Travellers who need oral vaccination should consult with the local Center for Disease Control and Prevention or International Travel Health Care Center and visit the vaccination at least two weeks prior to travel to ensure the protection of the trip.
How to treat and control travelers' diarrhea?
Since traveler's diarrhea is the most common disease in travel, and in most cases, traveler's diarrhea is contagious, it is very necessary to understand the treatment and control methods of traveler's diarrhea.
Due to the lack of medical knowledge, many patients still use the old method to treat diarrhea for many years. This method of treatment was established in the 1950s and mainly consists of fasting, more intravenous fluids, and extensive use of antibiotics. However, in many years of practice, the disadvantages of old therapies have gradually exposed patients. Therefore, both doctors and patients need to change their minds and promote safer and more effective treatments. In this regard, the "Diagnosis and Treatment of Diarrhea in China" proposed a new diarrhea therapy, including: prevention of dehydration, correct dehydration, continued diet and rational use of drugs.
If you are sadly ill on the road, the biggest problem is often dehydration, which is especially serious for children. Children and adults with more severe symptoms should seek medical care as soon as possible. If you travel with the group, you can immediately seek help through a guide, and if you are traveling on your own, you can only rely on yourself and your friends. The most important treatment is also the supplement of water and electrolytes.
â— How to add moisture and electrolytes
The best liquid for supplementing water and electrolytes is oral salt solution (which is sold in major pharmacies and hospitals). Drink 200ml of oral saline every time you drink it. Regularly drink it in small quantities. This is the best way to avoid the use of drugs. The magical way to restore as soon as possible. Can also be used with oral solution: Add 100 spoons of sugar and half spoonful of salt in 100 ml of water. You can also drink mineral water, light tea, fruit juice, and water to add body fluids (oral solution must be non-polluting!) The goal is to drink at least 4 liters of fluid per day. Sometimes diarrhoea loses 8 liters or more daily, requiring more rehydration. The decision is to drink enough fluid to replace lost body fluids and it will feel good. (Note: The more widely used is the ORS recommended by WHO (World Health Organization). It is more convenient to purchase and use, and the effect is very good).
â— How to eat
Don't be hungry to eat. In the past, it was recommended to fast for 24 hours to clean up the gastrointestinal tract, and it was found that this was not so good. It seems that the “good†bacteria that are normally present in the intestines need starch and they help the body absorb water.
It is recommended to drink liquids and eat starch. You can eat any type of starch, such as porridge, millet, cereals, toast, mashed potatoes, etc. Adding a little salt is more beneficial. Can also eat bananas, can add potassium. Eat dairy products until the stool is normal. Don't eat spicy foods. The softness of the stool is the guide for the thickness of the food. In the case of watery stools, eating juice, such as porridge, thin stools, and thinning of food.
â— Avoid infecting others
Most traveler diarrhea is contagious. After infecting travelers with diarrhea, they should try to avoid infecting their relatives and friends. Wash hands before eating, and do not share towels, toothbrushes, drinking utensils, and tableware. Diarrhoea is lighter in the first 24 hours and it is best to rest immediately without medication. Eat and drink under the guidance of a doctor or as described above.
â—Precautions for diarrhea
There are three things to do when you have diarrhea:
1, measured body temperature: normal body temperature is 37 degrees;
2. Observe the stool: Observe the stool characteristics (water, soft or normal), but also pay attention to whether there is blood or mucus;
3. Estimation of body fluid balance: Body fluid balance refers to the difference between intake [eat, drink] and discharge [urine, feces], and there must be a rough estimate. If the intake of liquid is sufficient, the urine is pale yellow. Thirst is not a reliable indicator of thirst, at least mild dehydration. The following conditions must be treated: 
★Fever over 40 degrees 
★ stool with blood
★ A sudden burst of watery stools can be dehydrated within a few hours. 
★ Can not drink enough fluid to balance the loss of water and electrolytes during diarrhea. 
★ Diarrhea lasts more than two weeks.
How to take antibiotics after diarrhea
After diarrhea, most experts recommend: waiting, resting and drinking. In most cases, it can heal itself within 1-5 days.
Due to the absence of stool tests, pathogenic bacteria cannot be identified, and with the abuse of antibiotics worldwide, the resistance of bacteria is greatly increased, and antibiotic treatment can often not receive ideal therapeutic effects if it is not targeted.
In the absence of laboratory tests and doctors' guidance, if you want to take antibiotics to relieve the symptoms, the relatively safer alternative is norfloxacin (fluorosteanic acid). Norfloxacin 400mg/tablet, twice a day, one tablet each, for a total of three days (6 tablets in total). If you want to work more quickly, you can take two tablets and take a dose of pathogenic bacteria. The law is old. Do not take iron and zinc-containing multivitamins when using the drug, as it will reduce drug absorption. 
After taking antibiotics, there was no improvement within 24 hours. In particular, when there is fever, they should seek medical attention immediately to avoid delays in treatment. Improper use of antibiotics, sometimes even delaying the course of the disease, or masking some important symptoms, makes future treatments more difficult. Chronic diarrhea is often caused by improper treatment of antibiotics.
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