Four strokes of the brush - sharp and round (with the construction and illustration of the brush)

Qiming Press: Previously, in the article "China's Top Ten Brush Brands", there is a mention of four strokes of calligraphy - sharp and round, but it is only a one-off, and there is no big space to elaborate the connotation of the four virtues of the brush. The articles of the classical teacher also compiled articles on the construction of the brush on some other websites on the Internet, and attached pictures of the four strokes of the brush. I hope that everyone can have a deeper understanding of the four virtues of the brush - sharp and round. .

The full text is as follows:

Traditionally, a good brush has to conform to the four standards of roundness and perfection, and it is called “the four virtues of the brush”, just like a gentleman has the “Benevolence, Righteousness and Wisdom” four virtues.

But in fact, these four virtues are not so easy to identify, so the standard for selecting a brush is slightly higher. This is like the fact that we choose a gentleman to be a civil servant. In fact, there are few judges who have the ability to identify a gentleman. Therefore, this standard is not operational.

However, we can still get a general idea of ​​the meaning of the four virtues of the brush, even if we can't actually apply it to the selection of the brush.

1. Four strokes of hair - tip

Sharp, sharp and sharp, which requires both good wool and good craftsmanship. A lot of big pens can be used to write small notes, which means that it is done sharply. But a sharp-pointed brush is generally not durable because good wool is easily worn. On the contrary, nylon is durable, which is one of the reasons why nylon brushes are popular. In addition, the tip refers to the ability of the pen to gather, and there is no hole in the pen.

The tip of the brush four virtues (picture to Beijing Putian College.)

2. Brush four virtues - round

The circle is not round. The brushes in the store are glued, and each looks round, what is the difference? The circle actually means that the brush can work in every direction, which requires a higher penpower to discover. Not round brush, writing sometimes good or sometimes not good, although it looks round, but it feels not round. In addition, the circle also includes the pen straight, this is easy to handle, the brush can be found in a smooth plane to find that the pen is straight and straight, of course, some people prefer the pen bending, which is another matter, in the Qiming view, the pen is round It may be more important to write a hand.

The circle of the four strokes of the brush

After the hair is completely opened, the brush with the shape of the jujube is the best, which means that the hair is sufficient.

3. Brush four virtues - Qi

Qi, closely related to the circle, the brush is round, indicating that the wool is everywhere. In turn, the wool is flush and the pen is round. With the advantages of Qi, the brush is evenly stressed, which can easily express the author's intention.

Brush four virtues

4. Brush four virtues - health

Health, not strong or healthy. Jian, refers to the brush can quickly return to the original after deformation, in order to facilitate the next action. If the elasticity is too strong, it will return to the original state if the action has not been completed, which will make people feel that the brush is not obedient. If the elasticity is not enough, the brush will be deformed when the action is finished, and the next action cannot be discussed. Specifically, the brush's health is divided into three parts: the pen, the pen and the pen. The pen is strong, and the main hair of the pen is good; the waist is strong, and the accessories and crafts of the pen need to be good; the pen root is strong, and the filling material of the root is needed and planted deep. These are not identified by beginners.

Brush four virtues

Basically, the identification of the four virtues of the brush requires a keen sense of hand, and beginners do not have the relevant ability. Therefore, it is not a common method to identify a brush by four virtues. The common method is to find a good brush by the inside, and then buy more. (Tips: It is recommended to read "China's top ten brush brands (with the selection and maintenance methods of the brush)", the above demonstration of the round and round four pictures are all coming to Beijing Putian College)

The construction diagram of the attached brush:

This is a complete picture of the structure of the brush. Sometimes the name of some parts may be different, but this does not prevent us from understanding the brush. Below we only discuss the part of the brush.

The writing brush of the brush is made by hand, and its name is called a variety of names.

Header

2. Second front;

3. Sanfeng; Sanfeng is also known as lining hair, padding, and affixing, which is also the secondary. The details are shown in Figure (1). They are collectively referred to as the front, the second and the third. The names in the figure are explained as follows:

The whole part of the pen is composed of a pen column and a coat. The pen column and the hair are composed of a head, a front and a three front.

Head hair refers to the tip of the pen, that is, the center hair of the pen, also called the heart hair, the hair, but must use the highest quality hair, with a transparent front, and also according to the different grades of the brush. It is also different. The sharpness of a brush is crucial. It is related to the quality and longevity of the pen. The longer the peak, the more expensive the price. See Figure (1)

Figure 1

The second front is made up of the sharp hairs and the lower part of the front to the upper position of the second front, but the amount of wool must be proportioned, length, and level. (See Figure 1).

The three fronts should be the same as the two fronts and then the second front with the lower position of the second front. As for the length of the head, second and third front hair, at least 10 layers, there is a good brilliance to achieve the highest standard, that is, the four virtues of the brush.

The head, the second front and the three front hairs are made by a single hand, including the process of selecting the hair, the hair, the pan and the like, and then folding the head, the second and the third front together and repeatedly folding them over ten times until they are evenly seen. Do not see the length of the hair, and then do a pen column, the hair is also repeatedly combed and then wrapped around the pen. (See Figure 1)

The vellus of the root is composed of a combination of head, two fronts and three fronts. It is more difficult to make a pen, because it is necessary to add a harder hair, increase the pen's strength, work more meticulously, harder and more However, the fork does not hold the ball, the hard hair is added less, the elasticity is not enough, and the ideal effect is not achieved.

The hair is preferred, and the finer hair is preferred. The procedure of making the pen column is adopted. According to the size of the pen head, the head, the second and the third front are properly matched (like tailoring), and the pen column is tightly wrapped around the pen column to make it To achieve the desired effect, it is a reason to wear a quilt and a man to wear a quilt. The hair is also called hair or hair, and is now often called a coat. See picture (1).

The points mentioned above have thousands of years of historical experience. Today we also need to conduct in-depth research and discussion with the painter to further improve the production process and make it keep up with the times. To make a pen must have at least one hundred and fifty procedures. For this process, you must have profound research and noble skills to have the four virtues of sharp, Qi, round and healthy.

At present, there are many kitchen appliances on the market, but there are very few good ones. The reason is that I think that the brush should not only have the standard of four virtues, but also the four virtues for the pen-worker, that is, morality, virtue, and art. Germany, technology and morality. The four virtues of the pen work are not available. why? Explain this problem by the following points:

Mr. Liu Bingsen, the vice chairman of the famous Chinese calligrapher of the Chinese Calligraphy Association, once complained: "My family has a few big boxes of writing brushes. It is not a problem to open a pen shop, but I can't find a few simple pens.

Mr. Liu Wenhua, the director of the Calligraphy Training Center of the Chinese Calligraphers Association, also talked about some of his previous experiences in buying a brush. In a pen shop, he found that a brush was full and round from the appearance, and he was satisfied with the smoothness of the hair. He spent several hundred. Yuan money was purchased, and I went back home to give a try. As a result, I didn’t write a single word, and I threw a few hundred dollars. This proves the problem of the four virtues of the pen dealer.

I mentioned the materials and processes used in the production of the head, the second and the third. If it is unethical or dishonest, the pen column is made of bristles without hair, hair, or jute. Then use a better hair to make the pen cover complete, then use the glue to stick tightly, look round, white, pointed, in fact, there is no good material inside, so enter the market to sell Good price, this is unethical. (See Figure 2)

There is also a relatively high practice. The center of the pen column uses a small amount of sharp hairs to make the tip of the head, while the two fronts and the three fronts also use the outer hair and the frontless hair to cut the pen into the pen. Make a deputy around the column, and then use a better vellus hair to make a hair, so that the pen feels okay when you start using it. When you use it a few times, you will have problems with the pen tip opening and not holding the front. See picture (3)

Figure II

Figure III

The third method is that some people in the pen-making industry are affected by market competition. Some fans of calligraphy and painting are not familiar with the brush, especially the cheap psychology. They only make the appearance look good, the price is cheap, and the quality is very poor. Hollow brush to make a profit. See Figure (4) Figure (2), Figure (3).

Figure (4) are all without a brush.

Figure 4

Besides, the position pointed out by "tip, Qi, Yuan, Jian" is particularly worth mentioning. The part pointed out by "circle" is a sub-millimeter. This is very important. The sub-pad is enough to be the standard of the circle. The ink is full and powerful, and can achieve satisfactory results. On the contrary, there will be problems such as flatness, thinness, and no weight.

Most people mistakenly believe that "circle" is to look at the waist of the pen, and the pen is round and smooth, which is actually wrong. I can imagine that what kind of pen is not round? Grasping a straw to make a pen can also make the pen belly round, see the following picture: the position of the pointed, Qi, round, and healthy points is the correct way to select the pen. It is also important to see that the inside is equally important.

Figure 1 shows the complete authentic brush of the "four virtues". Figures 2, 3 and 4 are all pens without virtue. I hope that the friends of calligraphy and painting should be cautious when purchasing brushes.