This year marks the 40th anniversary of China's reform and opening up. Over the past 40 years, China has undergone earth-shaking changes. Along with the rapid development of China's economy, China's paper industry has also achieved remarkable achievements.
In 1978, the total production of paper and cardboard in China was 4.662 million tons. By 2017, this number has reached 111 million tons, which is 23.8 times that of 1978. Since 2015, China has maintained its position as the oldest paper producer in the world! The paper industry has become one of the early industries to achieve the goal of “catch the UK and the United States†in the 1958 “Leap Forward†period. This process is short-lived and effective, and it also provides strong support for the success of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics. It also proves that once the shackles and restraints of the system are broken, the progress of the Chinese is extremely rapid and unstoppable. For example, the establishment of the private enterprise Nine Dragons Paper, which has only been in existence for 20 years, is expected to reach 15.5 million tons in 2018, which is more than three times the total national output in 1978. In 2019, the production capacity of Nine Dragons Paper will exceed 20 million tons.
I remember in the early 90s, I took a foreigner to visit several domestic paper mills. At that time, there were only two words: shame! The backward papermaking equipment, sneaked out the unqualified production wastewater, and a group of sweaty workers sat on the long chair and looked at the paper machine. The quality of the produced paper was half behind that of developed countries in Europe and America. For more than a century... Today, we can proudly say: People from all over the world, if new projects need to inspect equipment, please come to China: in the super-factory of the window, the world’s most advanced paper machine roars like a giant. There is almost no staff at the paper machine. In the control room with air conditioning, the operator monitors the paper machine operation through the computer; the quality of the produced paper is no longer different from that of developed countries in Europe and America, and even the quality of many paper types is completely crushed in Europe and America.
The world's most advanced white cardboard production line (made by Voith), a domestic paper mill, with an annual production capacity of 1 million tons.
As a papermaker who has witnessed and experienced the rapid growth of China's paper industry, he has always wanted to write something related to the industry. Write a few notes, not only to record some information and data for home inspection, but also to look back in the future. Clues, feelings of rush, and marvel at industry changes.
Write the most familiar part first. When I was working at the institute in the early years, I did fiber shape analysis and research, and studied the fiber properties of various pulps used in papermaking. Therefore, today we will focus on the main conditions of imported wood pulp that are indispensable in the development of China's paper industry. From the microscopic point of fiber morphology, we will talk about the characteristics of each type of pulp. Main introduction: 1 The main varieties, suppliers and brands of imported wood pulp in the domestic market; 2 The main fiber morphological characteristics of each pulp, the influence on the papermaking materials, and the fiber differences among different brands of pulp Paper with different characteristics, paper type suitable for papermaking, and the like.
Introduction of the main commodity wood pulp in the domestic market
Major commercial pulp suppliers and brands
1 Overview of China's wood pulp situation
1.1 Domestic wood pulp
According to the China Paper Association, the total production of paper and paperboard in 2017 was 111.3 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 2.53%. The total pulp production in the country was 79.49 million tons, an increase of 0.30%. Among them: 10.5 million tons of wood pulp, an increase of 450,000 tons from the 10.5 million tons in 2016, an increase of 4.48%. In 2017, no new wood pulp production capacity was added to the market. The increase of 450,000 tons was the increase of the existing paper mills. In 2017, the pulp market demand is strong, and the pulp price is high. As long as the environmentally-friendly pulp production line is fully produced, the production of 10.5 million tons of wood pulp is basically the limit of the domestic wood pulp.
However, the production of 10.5 million tons of wood pulp only accounts for less than 10% of the total output of 111.3 million tons of paper and cardboard. It is really a drop in the price of water. However, even the self-produced 10.5 million tons of wood pulp is mostly imported. If 1 ton of pulp is produced in 3 cubic meters of wood, the 10.5 million tons of wood pulp requires 31.5 million cubic meters of wood. Under normal circumstances, the average plantation per mu is less than 4 cubic meters. The assumptions are calculated according to the year of the wind and rain, that is, the volume per mu is 4 cubic meters, then the annual 10.5 million tons of wood pulp needs to be close to 8 million mu of forest land.
For hardwood (taking eucalyptus as an example), the maturity of papermaking materials is generally 7 years. Then, the forest land required by a pulp mill should be 6-7 times that of the wood used to meet its annual production capacity. The pulp mill is continuously supplied continuously.
Therefore, China's 10.5 million tons of wood pulp production, assuming that all the wood used is domestic, then a total of about 50 million acres of land is needed to maintain the normal operation of the pulp mill; in 2017, China consumed a total of 31.52 million tons of wood pulp (including 23.72 million tons). For the import), if the pulp is homemade, the raw material forest is made in China, the land needed... Forgive me, it really can't be considered.
China's land resources are seriously scarce, and the per capita cultivated land area is very small. In this context, it is unrealistic to use expensive land resources to plant artificial economic forests for papermaking, both now and in the future. Unless you go to the northwestern desert to find such an open space to plant trees, of course, the premise is that you can grow a living, and, assuming that it is really planted, how to ship it is still a problem.
How to solve the papermaking materials, at present, it can only rely on imports. Imported wood chips, imported wood pulp, imported waste paper.
1.2 Imported wood pulp
In 2017, China imported a total of 23.72 million tons of wood pulp (bleaching needle, bleaching, natural color paste, mechanical pulp, dissolving pulp), an increase of 12.58%. In recent years, China's imported wood pulp has increased by more than 1 million tons per year. This increase is basically derived from bleached sulphate softwood pulp and bleached sulphate hardwood pulp, which is equivalent to the world's annual construction of more than 1 million tons. The chemical wood pulp production line is supplied to China.
In 2017, the import volume of bleached sulphate needle pulp was 8.128 million tons, and the bleached sulphate broadleaf pulp was 10.469 million tons. The sum of bleached softwood pulp and bleached broadleaf pulp accounted for 78% of the total imports.
2 Introduction of major producers of imported bleached softwood pulp in the Chinese market
Imported bleached softwood pulp from China's market is mainly from Canada, the United States, Chile, Russia and Europe.
Main sources of imported bleached softwood pulp in China's market
2.1 Canada
In the 1990s, there were 20 pulp enterprises in the western region of Canada and 28 pulp enterprises in the eastern region. However, in recent years, the pulp industry has been highly competitive. Many small-scale enterprises with less competitive meaning have closed down or been merged. As of the end of 2016, only 8 western pulp companies in Canada continued to operate, and only 8 in the east.
Canada supplies bleached softwood pulp for the Chinese market
2.2 United States
· GP Company: Leaf River, Buckeye, Alabama (Alabama);
· IP company: The main products for the Chinese market are: Canada Weyerhaeuser (Huihao);
· Resolute Forest Products: Catawba (Southern Pine), Coosa (Southern Pine), Thunder bay, Canada, and SFK;
· Domtar's pulp mills are distributed in the United States and Canada, with an annual output of 1.5 million tons of commercial pulp. The needle pulp supplied to the Chinese market is produced from the Kamloop Chinook plant (the rainbow fish known to Chinese users). The main tree species used is White. Engeimann Spruce (White Spruce / Ingman Spruce), Lodgepole Pine (black pine), its main features are fiber length, low thickness, thin fiber cell wall; excellent fiber strength, even and smooth surface.
In addition, there are some American softwood brands that do not sell much in China: Evadale (Southern Pine), Smurfit Stone (Southern Pine), ITT Rayonier (é›nia), Cascade Pacific Pulp (Platinum).
2.3 Chile
· Arauco Silver Star supplies 1 million tons of softwood pulp to the Chinese market every year. The raw material is radiata pine;
· CMPC has four pulp mills, three in Chile and one in Brazil. They are:
Located in the Laja plant in Chile, with an annual output of 230,000 tons of softwood pulp (radiation pine);
The Pacifico plant in Chile, with an annual output of 500,000 tons of softwood pulp (radiation pine);
The Santa Fe plant in Chile, with an annual output of 1.5 million tons of eucalyptus pulp (BEKP);
The Guaiba plant in Brazil produces 1.75 million tons of eucalyptus pulp (BEKP) per year.
2.3 Russia
· Ilim Group, a total of three pulp mills, two of which have long-term stable supply to the Chinese market, namely:
Ust-Ilimsk (Usqi), with an annual output of 500,000 tons of softwood pulp;
Bratsk (Brattersk), with an annual output of 720,000 tons of softwood pulp and 200,000 tons of broadleaf pulp.
They supply more than 1 million tons of softwood pulp and about 180,000 tons of hardwood pulp to the Chinese market every year. Usti also supplies about 30,000 tons of natural color pulp to China every year.
2.4 Europe
· Finland Metsa (Minbao) company, the Chinese brand of the softwood pulp is Botnia Metso;
· Stora Enso, based in Finland, the brand of softwood pulp in China is Qianhu;
· Finland UPM company, tree species: Pinus Silvestris, PiceaAbies, the brand in China is Fenou;
· Sweden's Sodra (forest) company, the brand of softwood pulp in China is forest 90; tree species: 70% spruce and 30% pine;
·Mercer, Germany, the brand of softwood pulp in China is Meisen.
3 Introduction of major producers of imported bleached hardwood pulp in the Chinese market
Imported bleached hardwood pulp from the Chinese market mainly comes from Brazil, Indonesia, Uruguay, Chile, etc. (see chart).
Main source distribution of imported bleached hardwood pulp in China's market
3.1 Brazil
Suppliers of exporting bleached sulphate eucalyptus pulp to the Chinese market are:
·Fibria (Parrot)
·Suzano (Goldfish)
·Cenibra (White Dragon)
·Eldorado (Bull)
·Guaiba (small bird) under CMPC
3.2 Indonesia
Suppliers of exporting bleached sulphate acacia pulp to the Chinese market are:
·APP (brand in China market is OK, OKI)
·APRIL (brand in China is leaflet)
3.3 Uruguay
· UPM Fray Bentos pulp mill, UPM's pulp mill, with an annual output of 1.3 million tons of bleached eucalyptus pulp, the brand in the Chinese market is Fenia;
· Montes Del Plata (MDP) pulp mill, established by Arauco and StoraEnso (50/50), with an annual output of 1.3 million tons of bleached eucalyptus pulp. The brand sold by Arauco to the Chinese market is a new star; the brand sold by Stora Enso to the Chinese market is Kirin.
3.4 Chile
Suppliers of exporting bleached sulphate eucalyptus pulp to the Chinese market are:
·Arauco (brand is a star)
· Santa Fe, a subsidiary of CMPC (branded as Santa Fe)
Responsible editor: Ge
This article is posted on the website for the purpose of transmitting more information and does not imply endorsement of its views or confirmation of its description.
Article source address: http://
Hollin multifunction table, you can use it as training table, standing workstation, overbed or sofa table, a good student study table or drafting or craft desk.It can be placed in your home study, bedroom and office to play its practical use such as serving as a Computer Desk, office work station, study stable or writing desk.
The tary side table can be moved to anywhere with the universal wheel which can be locked to fix at the bottom of this end table.
The Hollin standing laptop table is eqqiped with slot to put IPAD or kindle which can release you spine and neck.
Training Desk, Training Table, Foldable Desk,Computer Table
Foshan Hollin Furniture Co.,Ltd , https://www.chnhollin.com