What do you think of when it comes to offset presses? Exquisite prints or Heidelberg blue? What do you think of when you mention domestic offset presses? Are the gears in the printing press's wall panels that are constantly turning or the tight brows of the operators?
For domestic offset presses, like other products made in China, people praise or depreciate, and in any case, domestic offset presses have not stopped their pace of exploration under the strong pressure of foreign brands.
Recently, industry reporters interviewed well-known experts in the industry and representatives of printing production enterprises to discuss the development of domestic offset presses.
Part One Development and Achievements
Due to national conditions, in China, the starting point of various industries is very low, whether it is decades or hundreds of years behind, in short, we started as a chaser. China's printer industry is no exception. Under such a premise, in the face of today's achievements, we should first affirm domestic offset presses.
In order to achieve the goal of "multi-color and high efficiency" in the 28-character guideline formulated by the national printing machinery industry under the current rapid development of printing technology, domestic printing machine manufacturers have applied their skills to achieve development and continue to break through innovation Offset printing enterprises such as Renren Group, Shanghai Printing Package, Zhongjing Group, Yingkou Guanhua, etc. have all invested a lot of manpower and material resources to develop or introduce technology by themselves to develop and produce multicolor offset printing machines.
Beiren Group spent nearly 10 years, through continuous improvement and innovation, has formed the N300 and N200 folio and quadruple multicolor offset presses with independent intellectual property rights up to 15,000 sheets per hour. The acquisition of Qiushan International by Shanghai Yinbao has greatly promoted the improvement of the technology level of domestic offset presses.
At the ChinaPrint 2005 exhibition, Beiren Group, Jiangsu Chang and Henan Xinji exhibited their full-format offset printing machines. Although there is still a gap between the format and foreign products, it is another big leap for domestic offset printing machines. So far, in terms of specifications, domestic offset printing machines can already cover all formats, full-open, folio, four-open and other offset printing machines have related products, and basically achieve multi-color.
In the field of newspaper offset printing presses, several major domestic manufacturers such as Beiren Group, Shanghai Gauss, and Wuxi Baonan have launched medium-sized presses with a speed of over 70,000 sheets per hour. It is especially worth mentioning that as a private enterprise, Wuxi Baonan quickly started the domestic market with a scale of more than 200 people in just a few years. In particular, Wuxi Baonan has a high starting point and directly applies new technologies such as shaftless transmission to large-scale production, which is welcomed by newspaper printing companies.
In recent years, several large-scale newspaper printing plants in China have introduced domestic offset printing equipment, which greatly supports the manufacturing of domestic offset printing presses, and also reflects the steady improvement of the quality of domestic offset printing presses.
Part Two Problems and Gaps
It can be said that domestic offset presses have made great achievements in the development of decades, and the development of China's printing industry has also recorded the progress of domestic offset presses. While affirming, we also realized that domestic offset presses are still "on the road."
For domestic offset presses, many industry insiders, including first-line operators of printing plants as users, offset press manufacturers as producers and designers, and industry experts, have something to say. Therefore, the author uses more pen and ink to gather the opinions of the interviewees here, hoping to restore the development status of the domestic offset printing machine and give readers inspiration.
1. Some small problems that cannot be ignored When talking about the problems of domestic offset presses, the most mentioned are the low stability of the equipment and the frequent occurrence of minor problems. In addition, the machine's oil leakage, the speed of the vehicle does not reach the rated standard, the electrical system is prone to failure, and the web offset press has poor tension control. These are typical problems of domestic offset presses.
Some experts pointed out that China's offset press manufacturing cannot stay at the current level, because this is far from the actual development needs of China's printing industry and the international advanced level. To improve the level, we must first start from a small place. "Thousands of miles of embankments are broken by ant dens." The small problem must not be ignored.
2. Technological innovation and "bringism"
An industry insider wrote in an article that in Japan, talking about the development of new products means revolutionary experiments, completely new ideas and technologies, so in Japan, the development of new products is usually This is called the development of a new model.
The development of domestic offset printing machines can be basically summarized into three stages: mapping imitation, technology introduction and independent development, and our independent development basically belongs to the continuation and development of old products, and the development of new models is less important.
In addition, the R & D investment of domestic printer companies is generally low, mostly below 4%, while the investment of international manufacturers is generally above 10%, and the base is relatively large.
When dealing with the issue of new technologies, there are generally two views, one advocates independent research and development, and one advocates direct introduction. Lu Changan, general manager of Beiren Group, once said, "The core technology of printing press technology is actually in the field of offset presses. Beiren cannot always relax the improvement of offset press manufacturing technology."
In fact, not only the northerners, every domestic offset printing equipment manufacturing enterprise can clearly realize this, but the mastery of technology is not a problem overnight. On this issue, enterprises in China generally adopt the method of introducing technology and intelligence, which is the first method mentioned above, and are recognized by many people in the printing industry. They believe that under the existing conditions, China's own research and development level can not reach the international advanced level, it is better to first introduce technology to catch up with the pace of international market development. If we blindly emphasize our own technology, we can only stay at a very low level, not to mention competing with foreign brands, as an old printing says, "It is better to develop faster than to develop slowly." Always the last word.
In fact, on this issue, "bringing doctrine" (or rather "buying doctrine" seems to be more precise) is not just a question of "taking its essence", how to really "digest" it into its own "nutrition" ", And to promote the improvement of their own technology is the key.
3. Application of new technologies
Generally powerful printing companies always focus on the most advanced printing technology, and the application of advanced technology in domestic offset presses is rare. Low degree of automation, low production efficiency, is a true portrayal of domestic offset presses.
Advanced technologies such as automatic plate-up, slant-pull version, and shaftless transmission are not widely used in domestic offset presses. The main reason is not that we do not have these technologies, but more because domestic companies are still very immature in applying these technologies. Dare to apply easily. Only in the high-end products, the customer will request specific configuration.
Technological instability has always plagued domestic offset printing machines, especially in some large-area field printing, the difference between domestic and imported machines immediately appeared. Technical flaws have limited the use of domestic offset presses in the field of high-end prints. To this end, while introducing and developing new technologies, we should also be sophisticated and dare to apply.
4. Some import and export data authors also reviewed the import and export of offset presses in 2004 when they sorted out the materials. Although the sources of import data and export data are inconsistent, they can also explain some problems.
In 2004, the import value of China's offset printing presses (including sheet-fed offset printing presses, small offset printing presses, unlisted offset printing presses, and web offset printing presses) was 1,384 units, totaling $ 81,745.4 million. Moreover, imported offset printing presses are among Occupy a larger share. Export offset presses (including sheet-fed offset presses, small offset presses, unlisted offset presses, and web offset presses) totaled $ 45.825 million. The difference in imports and exports was very different, and there was almost no comparison. This reflects that the main equipment of China's printing industry-the technology level of offset printing machines is still far from abroad.
From the above data, it is not difficult to draw such a conclusion: Although the manufacturing level of domestic large and medium format offset printing machines is constantly improving, the domestic market is still occupied by imported equipment.
5. Formulation of product production standards According to an industry expert, the currently widely used standards in China's printing machinery manufacturing were formulated in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Not only is it far below the enterprise standards of various printing machine manufacturers, but it is also far from the development level of modern printing machine manufacturing industry, and has lost the incentive effect of national standards.
6. Manufacturing level and manufacturing process issues The quality of the domestic offset press is closely related to the domestic manufacturing level and manufacturing process. In foreign countries, many large manufacturers have achieved assembly line operations in parts manufacturing and mechanical assembly, reaching the maximum degree of "specialization." The auxiliary work of the intelligent manipulator has also been handy to ensure manufacturing accuracy.
At the same time with emotion, we must see that with the current production scale and output demand of domestic offset presses, there is no condition to achieve the above goals. But each person still has to process different parts, or four or five people assemble a machine, which is also the direct cause of the inconsistent and unstable quality of the domestic offset press.
Next Challenges and Opportunities
With the continuous integration of domestic and international economies, the trend of localized production of foreign equipment will intensify, and once the localized production of international brand offset presses is achieved, it will inevitably bring huge pressure and challenges to domestic offset presses. Perhaps, this is not a bad thing, but pressure is more motivated. Under this situation, domestic offset presses should always be prepared to seize the opportunity to catch up with the advanced pace.
1. Give play to advantages and promote development. Some people say that Chinese companies have few chips to compete with international companies. There are only two cards they can play: cost advantage and position in the Chinese market. Many printing companies are optimistic about the low input cost of domestic offset presses and the rapid and convenient service to invest.
An industry insider pointed out that the acceleration of state-owned enterprise restructuring and the increase in private enterprises have also provided opportunities for the development of domestic offset presses to a certain extent. After restructuring, state-owned enterprises no longer have "funding arrangements" to purchase equipment. They first consider investment costs and their own economic strength. Private enterprises, especially those at the beginning of development, are not very well funded. When these enterprises purchase equipment, Will be more inclined to cheap domestic equipment.
In addition, the short delivery period of domestic equipment is made. For printing plants that urgently need to increase production capacity in a short time, domestic equipment is the first choice. Many large domestic printing presses have introduced domestic rotary offset presses, many of which are based on such reasons.
Due to the geographical advantage, domestic offset printing presses have formed many advantages, such as fast service response, low cost of labor services and accessories, and many domestic offset press manufacturers have added service outlets on this basis to improve service efficiency.
2. The large equipment market is looking forward to the entry of domestic offset presses. Since 2004, the import tariff rate for offset presses has dropped from 12.4% to 10%. For sheet-fed offset presses with printing speeds above 15,000 sheets / hour and printing speeds of 60,000 Web offset presses of more than sheets / hour are exempt from customs duties and value added tax. This is not entirely a policy that is detrimental to domestic offset presses. The reason is that such domestic equipment does not have much competitiveness. Whether it is a commercial semi-commercial rotary machine or a large newspaper printing machine, it can even be said that it cannot meet the needs of the market. In front of domestic offset presses, there are only two words "catch up", pay close attention to the research and development of large-scale offset presses, improve the manufacturing level, improve the degree of automation, and seize the time to enter this broad market.
3. Cultivating the core technology of own intellectual property rights Cultivating the core technology of own intellectual property rights is a difficult and long-term task for domestic offset presses, but this is the way out for domestic offset presses, because the key to breakthroughs in manufacturing is Leading core technology. Relying on the introduction of technology, the introduction of parts and components, and the grafting of advanced products can only allow us to follow the advanced level and cannot really lead the trend. Only by possessing the most advanced technology can we occupy the high-end field of offset printing equipment and build a strong national brand and world brand.
postscript
In the process of writing, Mr. Xia Junjun, a consultant of the China Newspaper Association, Mr. Han Xiaoliang of the Beijing Printing Machinery Standardization Technical Committee, as well as some printing equipment manufacturers and printing plant related persons, have given us great help. I sincerely thank you .
Although the article cannot be comprehensive, we still hope to look at some problems in the development process of domestic offset presses from every different angle.
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